fix intersections starting independently with no coordination

14 create trafficlightthread class

main/src/main/java/sd/ExitNodeProcess.java

@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+package sd;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.ServerSocket;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import sd.config.SimulationConfig;
+import sd.coordinator.SocketClient;
+import sd.model.Message;
+import sd.model.MessageType;
+import sd.model.Vehicle;
+import sd.model.VehicleType;
+import sd.protocol.MessageProtocol;
+import sd.protocol.SocketConnection;
+import sd.serialization.SerializationException;
+
+/**
+ * Processo responsável pelo nó de saída do sistema de simulação de tráfego distribuído.
+ * 
+ * Este processo representa o ponto final ("S") onde os veículos completam as suas rotas.
+ * As suas principais responsabilidades são:
+ * - Receber veículos que terminam a sua rota vindos das interseções
+ * - Calcular e agregar estatísticas finais dos veículos
+ * - Enviar estatísticas periódicas para o dashboard
+ * - Gerar relatórios finais ao terminar a simulação
+ */
+public class ExitNodeProcess {
+
+    private final SimulationConfig config;
+    private ServerSocket serverSocket;
+    private final ExecutorService connectionHandlerPool;
+    
+    /** Flag para controlar a execução do processo (volatile para visibilidade entre threads) */
+    private volatile boolean running;
+    
+    /** Counter de veículos que completaram a rota */
+    private int totalVehiclesReceived;
+    
+    /** Soma dos tempos no sistema de todos os veículos */
+    private double totalSystemTime;
+    
+    /** Soma dos tempos de espera de todos os veículos */
+    private double totalWaitingTime;
+    
+    /** Soma dos tempos de travessia de todos os veículos */
+    private double totalCrossingTime;
+    
+    /** Contagem de veículos por tipo */
+    private final Map<VehicleType, Integer> vehicleTypeCount;
+    
+    /** Tempo total de espera acumulado por tipo de veículo */
+    private final Map<VehicleType, Double> vehicleTypeWaitTime;
+    
+    /** Socket para comunicação com o dashboard */
+    private SocketClient dashboardClient;
+    
+    /**
+     * Método para iniciar o processo
+     * 
+     * @param args Argumentos da linha de comandos. Se fornecido, args[0] deve ser
+     *             o caminho para um ficheiro de configuração personalizado.
+     */
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        System.out.println("=".repeat(60));
+        System.out.println("EXIT NODE PROCESS");
+        System.out.println("=".repeat(60));
+        
+        try {
+            String configFile = args.length > 0 ? args[0] : "src/main/resources/simulation.properties";
+            System.out.println("Loading configuration from: " + configFile);
+            
+            SimulationConfig config = new SimulationConfig(configFile);
+            ExitNodeProcess exitNode = new ExitNodeProcess(config);
+            
+            System.out.println("\n" + "=".repeat(60));
+            exitNode.initialize();
+            
+            System.out.println("\n" + "=".repeat(60));
+            exitNode.start();
+            
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            System.err.println("Failed to start exit node: " + e.getMessage());
+            System.exit(1);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            System.err.println("Exit node error: " + e.getMessage());
+            System.exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Constrói um novo processo de nó de saída.
+     * 
+     * Inicializa todas as estruturas de dados necessárias para recolher estatísticas
+     * e configura o pool de threads para processar as ligações concorrentes.
+     * 
+     * @param config Configuração da simulação contendo portas e endereços dos serviços
+     */
+    public ExitNodeProcess(SimulationConfig config) {
+        this.config = config;
+        this.connectionHandlerPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
+        this.running = false;
+        
+        this.totalVehiclesReceived = 0;
+        this.totalSystemTime = 0.0;
+        this.totalWaitingTime = 0.0;
+        this.totalCrossingTime = 0.0;
+        this.vehicleTypeCount = new HashMap<>();
+        this.vehicleTypeWaitTime = new HashMap<>();
+        
+        // Inicializa os counters para cada tipo de veículo
+        for (VehicleType type : VehicleType.values()) {
+            vehicleTypeCount.put(type, 0);
+            vehicleTypeWaitTime.put(type, 0.0);
+        }
+        
+        System.out.println("Exit node initialized");
+        System.out.println("  - Exit port: " + config.getExitPort());
+        System.out.println("  - Dashboard: " + config.getDashboardHost() + ":" + config.getDashboardPort());
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Inicializa o processo de ligação ao dashboard.
+     * 
+     * Tenta conectar-se ao dashboard. Se a ligação falhar, o processo
+     * continua a funcionar normalmente, mas sem enviar estatísticas.
+     * 
+     */
+    public void initialize() {
+        System.out.println("Connecting to dashboard...");
+        
+        try {
+            String host = config.getDashboardHost();
+            int port = config.getDashboardPort();
+            
+            dashboardClient = new SocketClient("Dashboard", host, port);
+            dashboardClient.connect();
+            
+            System.out.println("Successfully connected to dashboard");
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            System.err.println("WARNING: Failed to connect to dashboard: " + e.getMessage());
+            System.err.println("Exit node will continue without dashboard connection");
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Inicia o socket e começa a aceitar ligações.
+     * 
+     * Este é o loop principal do processo que:
+     * 1. Cria um socket na porta definida
+     * 2. Aguarda pelas ligações das interseções
+     * 3. Delega cada ligação a uma thread da pool para processamento assíncrono
+     * 
+     * @throws IOException Se o socket não puder ser criado ou houver erro na aceitação
+     */
+    public void start() throws IOException {
+        int port = config.getExitPort();
+        serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);
+        running = true;
+        
+        System.out.println("Exit node started on port " + port);
+        System.out.println("Waiting for vehicles...\n");
+        
+        while (running) {
+            try {
+                Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();
+                connectionHandlerPool.submit(() -> handleIncomingConnection(clientSocket));
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                if (running) {
+                    System.err.println("Error accepting connection: " + e.getMessage());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Processa uma ligação recebida de uma interseção.
+     * 
+     * Mantém a ligação aberta e processa continuamente mensagens do tipo
+     * VEHICLE_TRANSFER. Cada mensagem representa um veículo que chegou ao nó de saída.
+     * 
+     * @param clientSocket Socket da ligação estabelecida com a interseção
+     */
+    private void handleIncomingConnection(Socket clientSocket) {
+        try (SocketConnection connection = new SocketConnection(clientSocket)) {
+            
+            System.out.println("New connection accepted from " +
+                             clientSocket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress());
+            
+            while (running && connection.isConnected()) {
+                try {
+                    MessageProtocol message = connection.receiveMessage();
+                    
+                    if (message.getType() == MessageType.VEHICLE_TRANSFER) {
+                        Vehicle vehicle = (Vehicle) message.getPayload();
+                        processExitingVehicle(vehicle);
+                    }
+                    
+                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+                    System.err.println("Unknown message type received: " + e.getMessage());
+                }
+            }
+            
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            if (running) {
+                System.err.println("Connection error: " + e.getMessage());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Processa um veículo que chegou ao nó de saída.
+     * 
+     * Método sincronizado para garantir thread-safety ao atualizar as estatísticas.
+     * Calcula as métricas finais do veículo e atualiza:
+     * - Counters globais;
+     * - Estatísticas por tipo de veículo;
+     * - Faz update ao dashboard a cada 10 veículos.
+     * 
+     * @param vehicle Veículo que completou a sua rota
+     */
+    private synchronized void processExitingVehicle(Vehicle vehicle) {
+        totalVehiclesReceived++;
+        
+        double systemTime = vehicle.getTotalTravelTime(getCurrentTime());
+        double waitTime = vehicle.getTotalWaitingTime();
+        double crossingTime = vehicle.getTotalCrossingTime();
+        
+        totalSystemTime += systemTime;
+        totalWaitingTime += waitTime;
+        totalCrossingTime += crossingTime;
+        
+        VehicleType type = vehicle.getType();
+        vehicleTypeCount.put(type, vehicleTypeCount.get(type) + 1);
+        vehicleTypeWaitTime.put(type, vehicleTypeWaitTime.get(type) + waitTime);
+        
+        System.out.printf("[Exit] Vehicle %s completed (type=%s, system_time=%.2fs, wait=%.2fs)%n",
+            vehicle.getId(), vehicle.getType(), systemTime, waitTime);
+        
+        if (totalVehiclesReceived % 10 == 0) {
+            sendStatsToDashboard();
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Obtém o tempo atual da simulação em segundos.
+     * 
+     * @return Tempo atual em segundos desde "epoch"
+     * 
+     * "Epoch" é um ponto de referência temporal Unix (1 de janeiro de 1970).
+     * Este método retorna os segundos decorridos desde esse momento.
+     */
+    private double getCurrentTime() {
+        return System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000.0;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Envia as estatísticas para o dashboard.
+     * 
+     * Prepara e envia uma mensagem STATS_UPDATE com:
+     * - O total de veículos processados;
+     * - A média dos tempos (sistema, espera, travessia);
+     * - As contagens e médias por cada tipo de veículo.
+     * 
+     */
+    private void sendStatsToDashboard() {
+        if (dashboardClient == null || !dashboardClient.isConnected()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        
+        try {
+            Map<String, Object> stats = new HashMap<>();
+            stats.put("totalVehicles", totalVehiclesReceived);
+            stats.put("avgSystemTime", totalVehiclesReceived > 0 ? totalSystemTime / totalVehiclesReceived : 0.0);
+            stats.put("avgWaitingTime", totalVehiclesReceived > 0 ? totalWaitingTime / totalVehiclesReceived : 0.0);
+            stats.put("avgCrossingTime", totalVehiclesReceived > 0 ? totalCrossingTime / totalVehiclesReceived : 0.0);
+            
+            Map<String, Integer> typeCounts = new HashMap<>();
+            Map<String, Double> typeAvgWait = new HashMap<>();
+            for (VehicleType type : VehicleType.values()) {
+                int count = vehicleTypeCount.get(type);
+                typeCounts.put(type.name(), count);
+                if (count > 0) {
+                    typeAvgWait.put(type.name(), vehicleTypeWaitTime.get(type) / count);
+                }
+            }
+            stats.put("vehicleTypeCounts", typeCounts);
+            stats.put("vehicleTypeAvgWait", typeAvgWait);
+            
+            Message message = new Message(MessageType.STATS_UPDATE, "ExitNode", "Dashboard", stats);
+            dashboardClient.send(message);
+            
+            System.out.printf("[Exit] Sent stats to dashboard (total=%d, avg_wait=%.2fs)%n",
+                totalVehiclesReceived, totalWaitingTime / totalVehiclesReceived);
+                
+        } catch (SerializationException | IOException e) {
+            System.err.println("Failed to send stats to dashboard: " + e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Termina o processo
+     * 
+     * Executa a seguinte sequência:
+     *  Imprime as estatísticas finais no terminal;
+     *  Envia a última atualização de estatísticas ao dashboard;
+     *  Fecha o socket;
+     *  Aguarda pela finalização das threads;
+     *  Fecha a ligação com o dashboard;
+     */
+    public void shutdown() {
+        System.out.println("\n[Exit] Shutting down...");
+        running = false;
+        
+        printFinalStatistics();
+        
+        sendStatsToDashboard();
+        
+        try {
+            if (serverSocket != null && !serverSocket.isClosed()) {
+                serverSocket.close();
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            System.err.println("Error closing server socket: " + e.getMessage());
+        }
+        
+        connectionHandlerPool.shutdown();
+        try {
+            if (!connectionHandlerPool.awaitTermination(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
+                connectionHandlerPool.shutdownNow();
+            }
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            connectionHandlerPool.shutdownNow();
+        }
+        
+        if (dashboardClient != null) {
+            dashboardClient.close();
+        }
+        
+        System.out.println("[Exit] Shutdown complete.");
+        System.out.println("=".repeat(60));
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Imprime as estatísticas finais detalhadas no terminal
+     * 
+     * Gera um relatório com:
+     * Total de veículos que completaram a rota;
+     * Médias de tempo no sistema, espera e travessia;
+     * Distribuição e médias pelo tipo de veículo (BIKE, LIGHT, HEAVY);
+     * 
+     * Este método é chamado durante o shutdown para fornecer um resumo
+     * da simulação antes de terminar o processo.
+     */
+    private void printFinalStatistics() {
+        System.out.println("\n=== EXIT NODE STATISTICS ===");
+        System.out.printf("Total Vehicles Completed: %d%n", totalVehiclesReceived);
+        
+        if (totalVehiclesReceived > 0) {
+            System.out.printf("%nAVERAGE METRICS:%n");
+            System.out.printf("  System Time: %.2f seconds%n", totalSystemTime / totalVehiclesReceived);
+            System.out.printf("  Waiting Time: %.2f seconds%n", totalWaitingTime / totalVehiclesReceived);
+            System.out.printf("  Crossing Time: %.2f seconds%n", totalCrossingTime / totalVehiclesReceived);
+        }
+        
+        System.out.println("\nVEHICLE TYPE DISTRIBUTION:");
+        for (VehicleType type : VehicleType.values()) {
+            int count = vehicleTypeCount.get(type);
+            if (count > 0) {
+                double percentage = (count * 100.0) / totalVehiclesReceived;
+                double avgWait = vehicleTypeWaitTime.get(type) / count;
+                System.out.printf("  %s: %d (%.1f%%), Avg Wait: %.2fs%n",
+                    type, count, percentage, avgWait);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+}

main/src/main/java/sd/IntersectionProcess.java

@@ -8,19 +8,22 @@ import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
 
 import sd.config.SimulationConfig;
+import sd.engine.TrafficLightThread;
 import sd.model.Intersection;
 import sd.model.MessageType;
 import sd.model.TrafficLight;
-import sd.model.TrafficLightState;
 import sd.model.Vehicle;
 import sd.protocol.MessageProtocol;
 import sd.protocol.SocketConnection;
 
 /**
  * Main class for an Intersection Process in the distributed traffic simulation.
- * * Each IntersectionProcess runs as an independent Java application (JVM instance)
+ * * Each IntersectionProcess runs as an independent Java application (JVM
+ * instance)
  * representing one of the five intersections (Cr1-Cr5) in the network.
  */
 public class IntersectionProcess {
@@ -39,8 +42,22 @@ public class IntersectionProcess {
 
     private final ExecutorService trafficLightPool;
 
-    private volatile boolean running;   //Quando uma thread escreve um valor volatile, todas as outras
+    private volatile boolean running; // Quando uma thread escreve um valor volatile, todas as outras
-                                        //threads veem a mudança imediatamente.
+                                      // threads veem a mudança imediatamente.
+
+    // Traffic Light Coordination
+    /**
+     * Lock to ensure mutual exclusion between traffic lights.
+     * Only one traffic light can be green at any given time within this
+     * intersection.
+     */
+    private final Lock trafficCoordinationLock;
+
+    /**
+     * Tracks which direction currently has the green light.
+     * null means no direction is currently green (all are red).
+     */
+    private volatile String currentGreenDirection;
 
     /**
      * Constructs a new IntersectionProcess.
@@ -57,6 +74,8 @@ public class IntersectionProcess {
         this.connectionHandlerPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
         this.trafficLightPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4); // Max 4 directions
         this.running = false;
+        this.trafficCoordinationLock = new ReentrantLock();
+        this.currentGreenDirection = null;
 
         System.out.println("=".repeat(60));
         System.out.println("INTERSECTION PROCESS: " + intersectionId);
@@ -70,13 +89,12 @@ public class IntersectionProcess {
 
         configureRouting();
 
-        startTrafficLights();
-        
         System.out.println("[" + intersectionId + "] Initialization complete.");
     }
 
     /**
-     * Creates traffic lights for this intersection based on its physical connections.
+     * Creates traffic lights for this intersection based on its physical
+     * connections.
      * Each intersection has different number and directions of traffic lights
      * according to the network topology.
      */
@@ -86,19 +104,19 @@ public class IntersectionProcess {
         String[] directions = new String[0];
         switch (intersectionId) {
             case "Cr1":
-                directions = new String[]{"East", "South"};
+                directions = new String[] { "East", "South" };
                 break;
             case "Cr2":
-                directions = new String[]{"West", "East", "South"};
+                directions = new String[] { "West", "East", "South" };
                 break;
             case "Cr3":
-                directions = new String[]{"West", "South"};
+                directions = new String[] { "West", "South" };
                 break;
             case "Cr4":
-                directions = new String[]{"East"};
+                directions = new String[] { "East" };
                 break;
             case "Cr5":
-                directions = new String[]{"East"};
+                directions = new String[] { "East" };
                 break;
         }
 
@@ -107,15 +125,14 @@ public class IntersectionProcess {
             double redTime = config.getTrafficLightRedTime(intersectionId, direction);
 
             TrafficLight light = new TrafficLight(
-                intersectionId + "-" + direction,
+                    intersectionId + "-" + direction,
-                direction,
+                    direction,
-                greenTime,
+                    greenTime,
-                redTime
+                    redTime);
-            );
 
             intersection.addTrafficLight(light);
             System.out.println("  Created traffic light: " + direction +
-                             " (Green: " + greenTime + "s, Red: " + redTime + "s)");
+                    " (Green: " + greenTime + "s, Red: " + redTime + "s)");
         }
     }
 
@@ -154,6 +171,29 @@ public class IntersectionProcess {
         System.out.println("  Routing configured.");
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Requests permission for a traffic light to turn green.
+     * Blocks until permission is granted (no other light is green).
+     * 
+     * @param direction The direction requesting green light
+     */
+    public void requestGreenLight(String direction) {
+        trafficCoordinationLock.lock();
+        currentGreenDirection = direction;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Releases the green light permission, allowing another light to turn green.
+     * 
+     * @param direction The direction releasing green light
+     */
+    public void releaseGreenLight(String direction) {
+        if (direction.equals(currentGreenDirection)) {
+            currentGreenDirection = null;
+            trafficCoordinationLock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+    
     /**
      * Starts all traffic light threads.
      */
@@ -161,107 +201,21 @@ public class IntersectionProcess {
         System.out.println("\n[" + intersectionId + "] Starting traffic light threads...");
 
         for (TrafficLight light : intersection.getTrafficLights()) {
-            trafficLightPool.submit(() -> runTrafficLightCycle(light));
+
+            TrafficLightThread lightTask = new TrafficLightThread(light, this, config);
+
+            trafficLightPool.submit(lightTask);
+
             System.out.println("  Started thread for: " + light.getDirection());
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * The main loop for a traffic light thread.
-     * Continuously cycles between GREEN and RED states.
-     *
-     * @param light The traffic light to control.
-     */
-    private void runTrafficLightCycle(TrafficLight light) {
-        System.out.println("[" + light.getId() + "] Traffic light thread started.");
-        
-        while (running) {
-            try {
-                // Green state
-                light.changeState(TrafficLightState.GREEN);
-                System.out.println("[" + light.getId() + "] State: GREEN");
-                
-                // Process vehicles while green
-                processGreenLight(light);
-                
-                // Wait for green duration
-                Thread.sleep((long) (light.getGreenTime() * 1000));
-                
-                // RED state
-                light.changeState(TrafficLightState.RED);
-                System.out.println("[" + light.getId() + "] State: RED");
-                
-                // Wait for red duration
-                Thread.sleep((long) (light.getRedTime() * 1000));
-                
-            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
-                System.out.println("[" + light.getId() + "] Traffic light thread interrupted.");
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        
-        System.out.println("[" + light.getId() + "] Traffic light thread stopped.");
-    }
-    
-    /**
-     * Processes vehicles when a traffic light is GREEN.
-     * Dequeues vehicles and sends them to their next destination.
-     *
-     * @param light The traffic light that is currently green.
-     */
-    private void processGreenLight(TrafficLight light) {
-        while (light.getState() == TrafficLightState.GREEN && light.getQueueSize() > 0) {
-            Vehicle vehicle = light.removeVehicle();
-            
-            if (vehicle != null) {
-                // Get crossing time based on vehicle type
-                double crossingTime = getCrossingTimeForVehicle(vehicle);
-                
-                // Simulate crossing time
-                try {
-                    Thread.sleep((long) (crossingTime * 1000));
-                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
-                    Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
-                    break;
-                }
-                
-                // Update vehicle statistics
-                vehicle.addCrossingTime(crossingTime);
-                
-                // Update intersection statistics
-                intersection.incrementVehiclesSent();
-                
-                // Send vehicle to next destination
-                sendVehicleToNextDestination(vehicle);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    
-    /**
-     * Gets the crossing time for a vehicle based on its type.
-     *
-     * @param vehicle The vehicle.
-     * @return The crossing time in seconds.
-     */
-    private double getCrossingTimeForVehicle(Vehicle vehicle) {
-        switch (vehicle.getType()) {
-            case BIKE:
-                return config.getBikeVehicleCrossingTime();
-            case LIGHT:
-                return config.getLightVehicleCrossingTime();
-            case HEAVY:
-                return config.getHeavyVehicleCrossingTime();
-            default:
-                return config.getLightVehicleCrossingTime();
-        }
-    }
-    
     /**
      * Sends a vehicle to its next destination via socket connection.
      *
      * @param vehicle The vehicle that has crossed this intersection.
      */
-    private void sendVehicleToNextDestination(Vehicle vehicle) {
+    public void sendVehicleToNextDestination(Vehicle vehicle) {
         String nextDestination = vehicle.getCurrentDestination();
 
         try {
@@ -270,21 +224,20 @@ public class IntersectionProcess {
 
             // Create and send message
             MessageProtocol message = new VehicleTransferMessage(
-                intersectionId,
+                    intersectionId,
-                nextDestination,
+                    nextDestination,
-                vehicle
+                    vehicle);
-            );
 
             connection.sendMessage(message);
 
             System.out.println("[" + intersectionId + "] Sent vehicle " + vehicle.getId() +
-                             " to " + nextDestination);
+                    " to " + nextDestination);
 
             // Note: vehicle route is advanced when it arrives at the next intersection
 
         } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
             System.err.println("[" + intersectionId + "] Failed to send vehicle " +
-                             vehicle.getId() + " to " + nextDestination + ": " + e.getMessage());
+                    vehicle.getId() + " to " + nextDestination + ": " + e.getMessage());
         }
     }
 
@@ -293,7 +246,7 @@ public class IntersectionProcess {
      *
      * @param destinationId The ID of the destination node.
      * @return The SocketConnection to that destination.
-     * @throws IOException If connection cannot be established.
+     * @throws IOException          If connection cannot be established.
      * @throws InterruptedException If connection attempt is interrupted.
      */
     private synchronized SocketConnection getOrCreateConnection(String destinationId)
@@ -304,7 +257,7 @@ public class IntersectionProcess {
             int port = getPortForDestination(destinationId);
 
             System.out.println("[" + intersectionId + "] Creating connection to " +
-                             destinationId + " at " + host + ":" + port);
+                    destinationId + " at " + host + ":" + port);
 
             SocketConnection connection = new SocketConnection(host, port);
             outgoingConnections.put(destinationId, connection);
@@ -353,6 +306,10 @@ public class IntersectionProcess {
         running = true;
 
         System.out.println("\n[" + intersectionId + "] Server started on port " + port);
+
+        // Start traffic light threads when running is true
+        startTrafficLights();
+
         System.out.println("[" + intersectionId + "] Waiting for incoming connections...\n");
 
         // Main accept loop
@@ -360,14 +317,34 @@ public class IntersectionProcess {
             try {
                 Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();
 
+                System.out.println("[" + intersectionId + "] New connection accepted from " +
+                        clientSocket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress());
+
+                // Check running flag again before handling
+                if (!running) {
+                    clientSocket.close();
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // **Set timeout before submitting to handler**
+                try {
+                    clientSocket.setSoTimeout(1000);
+                } catch (java.net.SocketException e) {
+                    System.err.println("[" + intersectionId + "] Failed to set timeout: " + e.getMessage());
+                    clientSocket.close();
+                    continue;
+                }
+
                 // Handle each connection in a separate thread
                 connectionHandlerPool.submit(() -> handleIncomingConnection(clientSocket));
 
             } catch (IOException e) {
-                if (running) {
+                // Expected when serverSocket.close() is called during shutdown
-                    System.err.println("[" + intersectionId + "] Error accepting connection: " + 
+                if (!running) {
-                                     e.getMessage());
+                    break; // Normal shutdown
                 }
+                System.err.println("[" + intersectionId + "] Error accepting connection: " +
+                        e.getMessage());
             }
         }
     }
@@ -379,10 +356,18 @@ public class IntersectionProcess {
      * @param clientSocket The accepted socket connection.
      */
     private void handleIncomingConnection(Socket clientSocket) {
+        try {
+            clientSocket.setSoTimeout(1000); // 1 second timeout
+
+        } catch (java.net.SocketException e) {
+            System.err.println("[" + intersectionId + "] Failed to set socket timeout: " + e.getMessage());
+            return;
+        }
+
         try (SocketConnection connection = new SocketConnection(clientSocket)) {
 
             System.out.println("[" + intersectionId + "] New connection accepted from " +
-                             clientSocket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress());
+                    clientSocket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress());
 
             // Continuously receive messages while connection is active
             while (running && connection.isConnected()) {
@@ -393,15 +378,22 @@ public class IntersectionProcess {
                         Vehicle vehicle = (Vehicle) message.getPayload();
 
                         System.out.println("[" + intersectionId + "] Received vehicle: " +
-                                         vehicle.getId() + " from " + message.getSourceNode());
+                                vehicle.getId() + " from " + message.getSourceNode());
 
                         // Add vehicle to appropriate queue
                         intersection.receiveVehicle(vehicle);
                     }
 
+                } catch (java.net.SocketTimeoutException e) {
+                    // Timeout - check running flag and continue
+                    if (!running) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    // Continue waiting for next message
                 } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                     System.err.println("[" + intersectionId + "] Unknown message type received: " +
-                                     e.getMessage());
+                            e.getMessage());
+                    break; // Invalid message, close connection
                 }
             }
 
@@ -409,6 +401,7 @@ public class IntersectionProcess {
             if (running) {
                 System.err.println("[" + intersectionId + "] Connection error: " + e.getMessage());
             }
+            // Expected during shutdown
         }
     }
 
@@ -417,47 +410,67 @@ public class IntersectionProcess {
      * Shuts down all threads and closes all connections.
      */
     public void shutdown() {
+        // Check if already shutdown
+        if (!running) {
+            return; // Already shutdown, do nothing
+        }
+
         System.out.println("\n[" + intersectionId + "] Shutting down...");
         running = false;
 
-        // Close server socket
+        // 1. Close ServerSocket first
-        try {
+        if (serverSocket != null && !serverSocket.isClosed()) {
-            if (serverSocket != null && !serverSocket.isClosed()) {
+            try {
                 serverSocket.close();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                // Expected
             }
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            System.err.println("[" + intersectionId + "] Error closing server socket: " + 
-                             e.getMessage());
         }
 
-        // Shutdown thread pools
+        // 2. Shutdown thread pools with force
-        trafficLightPool.shutdown();
+        if (trafficLightPool != null && !trafficLightPool.isShutdown()) {
-        connectionHandlerPool.shutdown();
-        
-        try {
-            if (!trafficLightPool.awaitTermination(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
-                trafficLightPool.shutdownNow();
-            }
-            if (!connectionHandlerPool.awaitTermination(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
-                connectionHandlerPool.shutdownNow();
-            }
-        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
             trafficLightPool.shutdownNow();
+        }
+        if (connectionHandlerPool != null && !connectionHandlerPool.isShutdown()) {
             connectionHandlerPool.shutdownNow();
         }
 
-        // Close all outgoing connections
+        // 3. Wait briefly for termination (don't block forever)
-        for (Map.Entry<String, SocketConnection> entry : outgoingConnections.entrySet()) {
+        try {
-            try {
+            if (trafficLightPool != null) {
-                entry.getValue().close();
+                trafficLightPool.awaitTermination(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
-            } catch (IOException e) {
-                System.err.println("[" + intersectionId + "] Error closing connection to " + 
-                                 entry.getKey() + ": " + e.getMessage());
             }
+            if (connectionHandlerPool != null) {
+                connectionHandlerPool.awaitTermination(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+            }
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+        }
+
+        // 4. Close outgoing connections
+        synchronized (outgoingConnections) {
+            for (SocketConnection conn : outgoingConnections.values()) {
+                try {
+                    conn.close();
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    // Ignore
+                }
+            }
+            outgoingConnections.clear();
         }
 
         System.out.println("[" + intersectionId + "] Shutdown complete.");
-        System.out.println("=".repeat(60));
+        System.out.println("============================================================\n");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the Intersection object managed by this process.
+     * Useful for testing and monitoring.
+     * 
+     * @return The Intersection object.
+     */
+    public Intersection getIntersection() {
+        return intersection;
     }
 
     // --- Inner class for Vehicle Transfer Messages ---

main/src/main/java/sd/dashboard/DashboardClientHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+package sd.dashboard;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.Socket;
+
+import sd.model.MessageType;
+import sd.protocol.MessageProtocol;
+import sd.protocol.SocketConnection;
+
+/**
+ * Processes statistics messages from a single client connection.
+ * Runs in a separate thread per client.
+ */
+public class DashboardClientHandler implements Runnable {
+    
+    private final Socket clientSocket;
+    private final DashboardStatistics statistics;
+    
+    public DashboardClientHandler(Socket clientSocket, DashboardStatistics statistics) {
+        this.clientSocket = clientSocket;
+        this.statistics = statistics;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        String clientInfo = clientSocket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress() + ":" + clientSocket.getPort();
+        
+        try (SocketConnection connection = new SocketConnection(clientSocket)) {
+            System.out.println("[Handler] Started handling client: " + clientInfo);
+            
+            while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
+                try {
+                    MessageProtocol message = connection.receiveMessage();
+                    
+                    if (message == null) {
+                        System.out.println("[Handler] Client disconnected: " + clientInfo);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    
+                    processMessage(message);
+                    
+                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+                    System.err.println("[Handler] Unknown message class from " + clientInfo + ": " + e.getMessage());
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    System.out.println("[Handler] Connection error with " + clientInfo + ": " + e.getMessage());
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            System.err.println("[Handler] Error initializing connection with " + clientInfo + ": " + e.getMessage());
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                if (!clientSocket.isClosed()) {
+                    clientSocket.close();
+                }
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                System.err.println("[Handler] Error closing socket for " + clientInfo + ": " + e.getMessage());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    private void processMessage(MessageProtocol message) {
+        if (message.getType() != MessageType.STATS_UPDATE) {
+            System.out.println("[Handler] Ignoring non-statistics message type: " + message.getType());
+            return;
+        }
+        
+        String senderId = message.getSourceNode();
+        Object payload = message.getPayload();
+        
+        System.out.println("[Handler] Received STATS_UPDATE from: " + senderId);
+        
+        if (payload instanceof StatsUpdatePayload stats) {
+            updateStatistics(senderId, stats);
+        } else {
+            System.err.println("[Handler] Unknown payload type: " + 
+                (payload != null ? payload.getClass().getName() : "null"));
+        }
+    }
+    
+    private void updateStatistics(String senderId, StatsUpdatePayload stats) {
+        if (stats.getTotalVehiclesGenerated() >= 0) {
+            statistics.updateVehiclesGenerated(stats.getTotalVehiclesGenerated());
+        }
+        
+        if (stats.getTotalVehiclesCompleted() >= 0) {
+            statistics.updateVehiclesCompleted(stats.getTotalVehiclesCompleted());
+        }
+        
+        if (stats.getTotalSystemTime() >= 0) {
+            statistics.addSystemTime(stats.getTotalSystemTime());
+        }
+        
+        if (stats.getTotalWaitingTime() >= 0) {
+            statistics.addWaitingTime(stats.getTotalWaitingTime());
+        }
+        
+        if (senderId.startsWith("Cr") || senderId.startsWith("E")) {
+            statistics.updateIntersectionStats(
+                senderId,
+                stats.getIntersectionArrivals(),
+                stats.getIntersectionDepartures(),
+                stats.getIntersectionQueueSize()
+            );
+        }
+        
+        System.out.println("[Handler] Successfully updated statistics from: " + senderId);
+    }
+}

main/src/main/java/sd/dashboard/DashboardServer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+package sd.dashboard;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.ServerSocket;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+
+import sd.config.SimulationConfig;
+
+/**
+ * Aggregates and displays real-time statistics from all simulation processes.
+ * Uses a thread pool to handle concurrent client connections.
+ */
+public class DashboardServer {
+    
+    private final int port;
+    private final DashboardStatistics statistics;
+    private final ExecutorService clientHandlerPool;
+    private final AtomicBoolean running;
+    private ServerSocket serverSocket;
+    
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        System.out.println("=".repeat(60));
+        System.out.println("DASHBOARD SERVER - DISTRIBUTED TRAFFIC SIMULATION");
+        System.out.println("=".repeat(60));
+        
+        try {
+            // Load configuration
+            String configFile = args.length > 0 ? args[0] : "src/main/resources/simulation.properties";
+            System.out.println("Loading configuration from: " + configFile);
+            
+            SimulationConfig config = new SimulationConfig(configFile);
+            DashboardServer server = new DashboardServer(config);
+            
+            // Start the server
+            System.out.println("\n" + "=".repeat(60));
+            server.start();
+            
+            // Keep running until interrupted
+            Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(() -> {
+                System.out.println("\n\nShutdown signal received...");
+                server.stop();
+            }));
+            
+            // Display statistics periodically
+            server.displayLoop();
+            
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            System.err.println("Failed to start Dashboard Server: " + e.getMessage());
+            System.exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public DashboardServer(SimulationConfig config) {
+        this.port = config.getDashboardPort();
+        this.statistics = new DashboardStatistics();
+        this.clientHandlerPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
+        this.running = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+    }
+    
+    public void start() throws IOException {
+        if (running.get()) {
+            System.out.println("Dashboard Server is already running.");
+            return;
+        }
+        
+        serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);
+        running.set(true);
+        
+        System.out.println("Dashboard Server started on port " + port);
+        System.out.println("Waiting for statistics updates from simulation processes...");
+        System.out.println("=".repeat(60));
+        
+        Thread acceptThread = new Thread(this::acceptConnections, "DashboardServer-Accept");
+        acceptThread.setDaemon(false);
+        acceptThread.start();
+    }
+    
+    private void acceptConnections() {
+        while (running.get()) {
+            try {
+                Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();
+                System.out.println("[Connection] New client connected: " + 
+                    clientSocket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress() + ":" + clientSocket.getPort());
+                
+                clientHandlerPool.execute(new DashboardClientHandler(clientSocket, statistics));
+                
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                if (running.get()) {
+                    System.err.println("[Error] Failed to accept client connection: " + e.getMessage());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    @SuppressWarnings("BusyWait")
+    private void displayLoop() {
+        final long DISPLAY_INTERVAL_MS = 5000;
+        
+        while (running.get()) {
+            try {
+                Thread.sleep(DISPLAY_INTERVAL_MS);
+                displayStatistics();
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public void displayStatistics() {
+        System.out.println("\n" + "=".repeat(60));
+        System.out.println("REAL-TIME SIMULATION STATISTICS");
+        System.out.println("=".repeat(60));
+        statistics.display();
+        System.out.println("=".repeat(60));
+    }
+    
+    public void stop() {
+        if (!running.get()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        
+        System.out.println("\nStopping Dashboard Server...");
+        running.set(false);
+        
+        try {
+            if (serverSocket != null && !serverSocket.isClosed()) {
+                serverSocket.close();
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            System.err.println("Error closing server socket: " + e.getMessage());
+        }
+        
+        clientHandlerPool.shutdownNow();
+        System.out.println("Dashboard Server stopped.");
+    }
+    
+    public DashboardStatistics getStatistics() {
+        return statistics;
+    }
+    
+    public boolean isRunning() {
+        return running.get();
+    }
+}

main/src/main/java/sd/dashboard/DashboardStatistics.java

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+package sd.dashboard;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
+
+import sd.model.VehicleType;
+
+/**
+ * Thread-safe storage for aggregated simulation statistics.
+ * Uses atomic types and concurrent collections for lock-free updates.
+ */
+public class DashboardStatistics {
+    
+    private final AtomicInteger totalVehiclesGenerated;
+    private final AtomicInteger totalVehiclesCompleted;
+    private final AtomicLong totalSystemTime;
+    private final AtomicLong totalWaitingTime;
+    
+    private final Map<String, IntersectionStats> intersectionStats;
+    private final Map<VehicleType, AtomicInteger> vehicleTypeCount;
+    private final Map<VehicleType, AtomicLong> vehicleTypeWaitTime;
+    
+    private volatile long lastUpdateTime;
+    
+    public DashboardStatistics() {
+        this.totalVehiclesGenerated = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        this.totalVehiclesCompleted = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        this.totalSystemTime = new AtomicLong(0);
+        this.totalWaitingTime = new AtomicLong(0);
+        
+        this.intersectionStats = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+        this.vehicleTypeCount = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+        this.vehicleTypeWaitTime = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+        
+        for (VehicleType type : VehicleType.values()) {
+            vehicleTypeCount.put(type, new AtomicInteger(0));
+            vehicleTypeWaitTime.put(type, new AtomicLong(0));
+        }
+        
+        this.lastUpdateTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    }
+    
+    public void updateVehiclesGenerated(int count) {
+        totalVehiclesGenerated.set(count);
+        updateTimestamp();
+    }
+    
+    public void incrementVehiclesGenerated() {
+        totalVehiclesGenerated.incrementAndGet();
+        updateTimestamp();
+    }
+    
+    public void updateVehiclesCompleted(int count) {
+        totalVehiclesCompleted.set(count);
+        updateTimestamp();
+    }
+    
+    public void incrementVehiclesCompleted() {
+        totalVehiclesCompleted.incrementAndGet();
+        updateTimestamp();
+    }
+    
+    public void addSystemTime(long timeMs) {
+        totalSystemTime.addAndGet(timeMs);
+        updateTimestamp();
+    }
+    
+    public void addWaitingTime(long timeMs) {
+        totalWaitingTime.addAndGet(timeMs);
+        updateTimestamp();
+    }
+    
+    public void updateVehicleTypeStats(VehicleType type, int count, long waitTimeMs) {
+        vehicleTypeCount.get(type).set(count);
+        vehicleTypeWaitTime.get(type).set(waitTimeMs);
+        updateTimestamp();
+    }
+    
+    public void incrementVehicleType(VehicleType type) {
+        vehicleTypeCount.get(type).incrementAndGet();
+        updateTimestamp();
+    }
+    
+    public void updateIntersectionStats(String intersectionId, int arrivals, 
+                                       int departures, int currentQueueSize) {
+        intersectionStats.compute(intersectionId, (id, stats) -> {
+            if (stats == null) {
+                stats = new IntersectionStats(intersectionId);
+            }
+            stats.updateStats(arrivals, departures, currentQueueSize);
+            return stats;
+        });
+        updateTimestamp();
+    }
+    
+    private void updateTimestamp() {
+        lastUpdateTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    }
+    
+    public int getTotalVehiclesGenerated() {
+        return totalVehiclesGenerated.get();
+    }
+    
+    public int getTotalVehiclesCompleted() {
+        return totalVehiclesCompleted.get();
+    }
+    
+    public double getAverageSystemTime() {
+        int completed = totalVehiclesCompleted.get();
+        if (completed == 0) return 0.0;
+        return (double) totalSystemTime.get() / completed;
+    }
+    
+    public double getAverageWaitingTime() {
+        int completed = totalVehiclesCompleted.get();
+        if (completed == 0) return 0.0;
+        return (double) totalWaitingTime.get() / completed;
+    }
+    
+    public int getVehicleTypeCount(VehicleType type) {
+        return vehicleTypeCount.get(type).get();
+    }
+    
+    public double getAverageWaitingTimeByType(VehicleType type) {
+        int count = vehicleTypeCount.get(type).get();
+        if (count == 0) return 0.0;
+        return (double) vehicleTypeWaitTime.get(type).get() / count;
+    }
+    
+    public IntersectionStats getIntersectionStats(String intersectionId) {
+        return intersectionStats.get(intersectionId);
+    }
+    
+    public Map<String, IntersectionStats> getAllIntersectionStats() {
+        return new HashMap<>(intersectionStats);
+    }
+    
+    public long getLastUpdateTime() {
+        return lastUpdateTime;
+    }
+    
+    public void display() {
+        System.out.println("\n--- GLOBAL STATISTICS ---");
+        System.out.printf("Total Vehicles Generated: %d%n", getTotalVehiclesGenerated());
+        System.out.printf("Total Vehicles Completed: %d%n", getTotalVehiclesCompleted());
+        System.out.printf("Vehicles In Transit: %d%n", 
+            getTotalVehiclesGenerated() - getTotalVehiclesCompleted());
+        System.out.printf("Average System Time: %.2f ms%n", getAverageSystemTime());
+        System.out.printf("Average Waiting Time: %.2f ms%n", getAverageWaitingTime());
+        
+        System.out.println("\n--- VEHICLE TYPE STATISTICS ---");
+        for (VehicleType type : VehicleType.values()) {
+            int count = getVehicleTypeCount(type);
+            double avgWait = getAverageWaitingTimeByType(type);
+            System.out.printf("%s: %d vehicles, avg wait: %.2f ms%n", 
+                type, count, avgWait);
+        }
+        
+        System.out.println("\n--- INTERSECTION STATISTICS ---");
+        if (intersectionStats.isEmpty()) {
+            System.out.println("(No data received yet)");
+        } else {
+            for (IntersectionStats stats : intersectionStats.values()) {
+                stats.display();
+            }
+        }
+        
+        System.out.printf("%nLast Update: %tT%n", lastUpdateTime);
+    }
+    
+    public static class IntersectionStats {
+        private final String intersectionId;
+        private final AtomicInteger totalArrivals;
+        private final AtomicInteger totalDepartures;
+        private final AtomicInteger currentQueueSize;
+        
+        public IntersectionStats(String intersectionId) {
+            this.intersectionId = intersectionId;
+            this.totalArrivals = new AtomicInteger(0);
+            this.totalDepartures = new AtomicInteger(0);
+            this.currentQueueSize = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        }
+        
+        public void updateStats(int arrivals, int departures, int queueSize) {
+            this.totalArrivals.set(arrivals);
+            this.totalDepartures.set(departures);
+            this.currentQueueSize.set(queueSize);
+        }
+        
+        public String getIntersectionId() {
+            return intersectionId;
+        }
+        
+        public int getTotalArrivals() {
+            return totalArrivals.get();
+        }
+        
+        public int getTotalDepartures() {
+            return totalDepartures.get();
+        }
+        
+        public int getCurrentQueueSize() {
+            return currentQueueSize.get();
+        }
+        
+        public void display() {
+            System.out.printf("%s: Arrivals=%d, Departures=%d, Queue=%d%n",
+                intersectionId, getTotalArrivals(), getTotalDepartures(), getCurrentQueueSize());
+        }
+    }
+}

main/src/main/java/sd/dashboard/StatsMessage.java

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package sd.dashboard;
+
+import sd.model.MessageType;
+import sd.protocol.MessageProtocol;
+
+/**
+ * Message wrapper for sending statistics to the dashboard.
+ */
+public class StatsMessage implements MessageProtocol {
+    
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+    
+    private final String sourceNode;
+    private final String destinationNode;
+    private final StatsUpdatePayload payload;
+    
+    public StatsMessage(String sourceNode, StatsUpdatePayload payload) {
+        this.sourceNode = sourceNode;
+        this.destinationNode = "DashboardServer";
+        this.payload = payload;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public MessageType getType() {
+        return MessageType.STATS_UPDATE;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public Object getPayload() {
+        return payload;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public String getSourceNode() {
+        return sourceNode;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public String getDestinationNode() {
+        return destinationNode;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return String.format("StatsMessage[from=%s, to=%s, payload=%s]", 
+            sourceNode, destinationNode, payload);
+    }
+}

main/src/main/java/sd/dashboard/StatsUpdatePayload.java

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+package sd.dashboard;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import sd.model.VehicleType;
+
+/**
+ * Data transfer object for statistics updates to the dashboard.
+ * Use -1 for fields not being updated in this message.
+ */
+public class StatsUpdatePayload implements Serializable {
+    
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+    
+    private int totalVehiclesGenerated = -1;
+    private int totalVehiclesCompleted = -1;
+    private long totalSystemTime = -1;
+    private long totalWaitingTime = -1;
+    
+    private int intersectionArrivals = 0;
+    private int intersectionDepartures = 0;
+    private int intersectionQueueSize = 0;
+    
+    private Map<VehicleType, Integer> vehicleTypeCounts;
+    private Map<VehicleType, Long> vehicleTypeWaitTimes;
+    
+    public StatsUpdatePayload() {
+        this.vehicleTypeCounts = new HashMap<>();
+        this.vehicleTypeWaitTimes = new HashMap<>();
+    }
+    
+    public int getTotalVehiclesGenerated() {
+        return totalVehiclesGenerated;
+    }
+    
+    public int getTotalVehiclesCompleted() {
+        return totalVehiclesCompleted;
+    }
+    
+    public long getTotalSystemTime() {
+        return totalSystemTime;
+    }
+    
+    public long getTotalWaitingTime() {
+        return totalWaitingTime;
+    }
+    
+    public int getIntersectionArrivals() {
+        return intersectionArrivals;
+    }
+    
+    public int getIntersectionDepartures() {
+        return intersectionDepartures;
+    }
+    
+    public int getIntersectionQueueSize() {
+        return intersectionQueueSize;
+    }
+    
+    public Map<VehicleType, Integer> getVehicleTypeCounts() {
+        return vehicleTypeCounts;
+    }
+    
+    public Map<VehicleType, Long> getVehicleTypeWaitTimes() {
+        return vehicleTypeWaitTimes;
+    }
+    
+    public StatsUpdatePayload setTotalVehiclesGenerated(int totalVehiclesGenerated) {
+        this.totalVehiclesGenerated = totalVehiclesGenerated;
+        return this;
+    }
+    
+    public StatsUpdatePayload setTotalVehiclesCompleted(int totalVehiclesCompleted) {
+        this.totalVehiclesCompleted = totalVehiclesCompleted;
+        return this;
+    }
+    
+    public StatsUpdatePayload setTotalSystemTime(long totalSystemTime) {
+        this.totalSystemTime = totalSystemTime;
+        return this;
+    }
+    
+    public StatsUpdatePayload setTotalWaitingTime(long totalWaitingTime) {
+        this.totalWaitingTime = totalWaitingTime;
+        return this;
+    }
+    
+    public StatsUpdatePayload setIntersectionArrivals(int intersectionArrivals) {
+        this.intersectionArrivals = intersectionArrivals;
+        return this;
+    }
+    
+    public StatsUpdatePayload setIntersectionDepartures(int intersectionDepartures) {
+        this.intersectionDepartures = intersectionDepartures;
+        return this;
+    }
+    
+    public StatsUpdatePayload setIntersectionQueueSize(int intersectionQueueSize) {
+        this.intersectionQueueSize = intersectionQueueSize;
+        return this;
+    }
+    
+    public StatsUpdatePayload setVehicleTypeCounts(Map<VehicleType, Integer> vehicleTypeCounts) {
+        this.vehicleTypeCounts = vehicleTypeCounts;
+        return this;
+    }
+    
+    public StatsUpdatePayload setVehicleTypeWaitTimes(Map<VehicleType, Long> vehicleTypeWaitTimes) {
+        this.vehicleTypeWaitTimes = vehicleTypeWaitTimes;
+        return this;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return String.format("StatsUpdatePayload[generated=%d, completed=%d, arrivals=%d, departures=%d, queueSize=%d]",
+            totalVehiclesGenerated, totalVehiclesCompleted, intersectionArrivals, 
+            intersectionDepartures, intersectionQueueSize);
+    }
+}

main/src/main/java/sd/engine/TrafficLightThread.java

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+package sd.engine;
+
+import sd.IntersectionProcess;
+import sd.config.SimulationConfig;
+import sd.model.TrafficLight;
+import sd.model.TrafficLightState;
+import sd.model.Vehicle; 
+
+/**
+ * Implements the control logic for a single TrafficLight
+ * as a Runnable task that runs in its own Thread.
+ */
+public class TrafficLightThread implements Runnable {
+
+    private final TrafficLight light;
+    private final IntersectionProcess process;
+    private final SimulationConfig config;
+    private volatile boolean running;
+    
+    // Store the thread reference for proper interruption
+    private Thread currentThread;
+
+    public TrafficLightThread(TrafficLight light, IntersectionProcess process, SimulationConfig config) {
+        this.light = light;
+        this.process = process;
+        this.config = config;
+        this.running = false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        this.currentThread = Thread.currentThread();
+        this.running = true;
+        System.out.println("[" + light.getId() + "] Traffic light thread started.");
+
+        try {
+            while (running && !Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
+                
+                // Request permission to turn green (blocks until granted)
+                process.requestGreenLight(light.getDirection());
+                
+                try {
+                    // --- GREEN Phase ---
+                    light.changeState(TrafficLightState.GREEN);
+                    System.out.println("[" + light.getId() + "] State: GREEN");
+                    
+                    processGreenLightQueue();
+                    
+                    if (!running || Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) break;
+                    
+                    // Wait for green duration
+                    Thread.sleep((long) (light.getGreenTime() * 1000));
+                    
+                    if (!running || Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) break;
+
+                    // --- RED Phase ---
+                    light.changeState(TrafficLightState.RED);
+                    System.out.println("[" + light.getId() + "] State: RED");
+                    
+                } finally {
+                    // Always release the green light permission
+                    process.releaseGreenLight(light.getDirection());
+                }
+                
+                // Wait for red duration
+                Thread.sleep((long) (light.getRedTime() * 1000));
+            }
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            System.out.println("[" + light.getId() + "] Traffic light thread interrupted.");
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+        } finally {
+            this.running = false;
+            System.out.println("[" + light.getId() + "] Traffic light thread stopped.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void processGreenLightQueue() throws InterruptedException {
+        while (running && !Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted() 
+               && light.getState() == TrafficLightState.GREEN 
+               && light.getQueueSize() > 0) {
+            
+            Vehicle vehicle = light.removeVehicle();
+            
+            if (vehicle != null) {
+                double crossingTime = getCrossingTimeForVehicle(vehicle);
+                
+                Thread.sleep((long) (crossingTime * 1000));
+                
+                vehicle.addCrossingTime(crossingTime);
+                process.getIntersection().incrementVehiclesSent();
+                process.sendVehicleToNextDestination(vehicle);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private double getCrossingTimeForVehicle(Vehicle vehicle) {
+        return switch (vehicle.getType()) {
+            case BIKE -> config.getBikeVehicleCrossingTime();
+            case LIGHT -> config.getLightVehicleCrossingTime();
+            case HEAVY -> config.getHeavyVehicleCrossingTime();
+            default -> config.getLightVehicleCrossingTime();
+        };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Requests the thread to stop gracefully.
+     * Sets the running flag and interrupts the thread to unblock any sleep() calls.
+     */
+    public void shutdown() {
+        this.running = false;
+        if (currentThread != null && currentThread.isAlive()) {
+            currentThread.interrupt();
+        }
+    }
+}

main/src/test/java/IntersectionProcessTest.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
 import java.net.Socket;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import sd.IntersectionProcess;
 import sd.model.MessageType;
 import sd.model.Vehicle;
 import sd.model.VehicleType;
+import sd.protocol.SocketConnection;
 
 /**
  * Tests for IntersectionProcess - covers initialization, traffic lights,
@@ -96,11 +97,17 @@ public class IntersectionProcessTest {
         Files.writeString(configFile, configContent);
     }
 
-    // cleanup after tests
     @AfterEach
     public void tearDown() {
         if (intersectionProcess != null) {
-            intersectionProcess.shutdown();
+            try {
+                // Only shutdown if still running
+                intersectionProcess.shutdown();
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                System.err.println("Error in tearDown: " + e.getMessage());
+            } finally {
+                intersectionProcess = null;
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -187,7 +194,7 @@ public class IntersectionProcessTest {
         intersectionProcess = new IntersectionProcess("Cr1", configFile.toString());
         intersectionProcess.initialize();
 
-        // start server in seperate thread
+        // start server in separate thread
         Thread serverThread = new Thread(() -> {
             try {
                 intersectionProcess.start();
@@ -197,13 +204,22 @@ public class IntersectionProcessTest {
         });
         serverThread.start();
 
-        Thread.sleep(500); // wait for server to start
+        // Wait for server to actually start with retries
-        
+        boolean serverReady = false;
-        // try connecting to check if its running
+        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
-        try (Socket clientSocket = new Socket("localhost", 18001)) {
+            Thread.sleep(100);
-            assertTrue(clientSocket.isConnected());
+            try (Socket testSocket = new Socket()) {
+                testSocket.connect(new java.net.InetSocketAddress("localhost", 18001), 500);
+                serverReady = true;
+                break;
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                // Server not ready yet, continue waiting
+            }
         }
 
+        assertTrue(serverReady, "Server should start and bind to port 18001");
+
+        // Shutdown immediately after confirming server is running
         intersectionProcess.shutdown();
         serverThread.join(2000);
     }
@@ -219,11 +235,17 @@ public class IntersectionProcessTest {
         cr2.initialize();
 
         Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
-            try { cr1.start(); } catch (IOException e) { }
+            try {
+                cr1.start();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+            }
         });
 
         Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> {
-            try { cr2.start(); } catch (IOException e) { }
+            try {
+                cr2.start();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+            }
         });
 
         thread1.start();
@@ -233,7 +255,7 @@ public class IntersectionProcessTest {
 
         // check both are running
         try (Socket socket1 = new Socket("localhost", 18001);
-             Socket socket2 = new Socket("localhost", 18002)) {
+                Socket socket2 = new Socket("localhost", 18002)) {
             assertTrue(socket1.isConnected());
             assertTrue(socket2.isConnected());
         }
@@ -256,29 +278,31 @@ public class IntersectionProcessTest {
         Thread serverThread = new Thread(() -> {
             try {
                 intersectionProcess.start();
-            } catch (IOException e) { }
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+            }
         });
         serverThread.start();
 
         Thread.sleep(500);
 
-        // create test vehicle
+        try {
-        java.util.List<String> route = Arrays.asList("Cr2", "Cr3", "S");
+            // create test vehicle - FIXED: use 4-parameter constructor
-        Vehicle vehicle = new Vehicle("V001", VehicleType.LIGHT, 0.0, route);
+            java.util.List<String> route = Arrays.asList("Cr2", "Cr3", "S");
+            Vehicle vehicle = new Vehicle("V001", VehicleType.LIGHT, 0.0, route);
 
-        // send vehicle from Cr1 to Cr2
+            // send vehicle from Cr1 to Cr2 - FIXED: use SocketConnection
-        try (Socket socket = new Socket("localhost", 18002)) {
+            try (Socket socket = new Socket("localhost", 18002);
-            ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
+                    SocketConnection conn = new SocketConnection(socket)) {
 
-            TestVehicleMessage message = new TestVehicleMessage("Cr1", "Cr2", vehicle);
+                TestVehicleMessage message = new TestVehicleMessage("Cr1", "Cr2", vehicle);
-            out.writeObject(message);
+                conn.sendMessage(message);
-            out.flush();
 
-            Thread.sleep(1000); // wait for procesing
+                Thread.sleep(1000); // wait for processing
+            }
+        } finally {
+            intersectionProcess.shutdown();
+            serverThread.join(2000);
         }
-        
-        intersectionProcess.shutdown();
-        serverThread.join(2000);
     }
 
     // routing config tests
@@ -312,7 +336,8 @@ public class IntersectionProcessTest {
         Thread serverThread = new Thread(() -> {
             try {
                 intersectionProcess.start();
-            } catch (IOException e) { }
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+            }
         });
         serverThread.start();
 
@@ -330,30 +355,35 @@ public class IntersectionProcessTest {
         intersectionProcess = new IntersectionProcess("Cr1", configFile.toString());
         intersectionProcess.initialize();
 
+        // Start server in separate thread
         Thread serverThread = new Thread(() -> {
             try {
                 intersectionProcess.start();
-            } catch (IOException e) { }
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                // Expected on shutdown
+            }
         });
         serverThread.start();
 
+        // Wait for server to start
         Thread.sleep(500);
 
-        // verify server running
+        // Shutdown
-        try (Socket socket = new Socket("localhost", 18001)) {
-            assertTrue(socket.isConnected());
-        }
-        
         intersectionProcess.shutdown();
         serverThread.join(2000);
 
-        // after shutdown conection should fail
+        // Give shutdown time to complete
-        Thread.sleep(500);
+        Thread.sleep(200);
-        Exception exception = assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> {
+
-            Socket socket = new Socket("localhost", 18001);
+        // Verify we cannot connect (server socket is closed)
-            socket.close();
+        boolean connectionFailed = false;
-        });
+        try (Socket testSocket = new Socket()) {
-        assertNotNull(exception);
+            testSocket.connect(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 18001), 500);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            connectionFailed = true; // Expected - server should be closed
+        }
+
+        assertTrue(connectionFailed, "Server socket should be closed after shutdown");
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -365,7 +395,8 @@ public class IntersectionProcessTest {
         Thread serverThread = new Thread(() -> {
             try {
                 intersectionProcess.start();
-            } catch (IOException e) { }
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+            }
         });
         serverThread.start();
 
@@ -388,45 +419,68 @@ public class IntersectionProcessTest {
     @Test
     @Timeout(15)
     public void testIntegration_TwoIntersectionsVehicleTransfer() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
-        // setup 2 intersections
+        IntersectionProcess cr1 = null;
-        IntersectionProcess cr1 = new IntersectionProcess("Cr1", configFile.toString());
+        IntersectionProcess cr2 = null;
-        IntersectionProcess cr2 = new IntersectionProcess("Cr2", configFile.toString());
+        Thread thread1 = null;
+        Thread thread2 = null;
 
-        cr1.initialize();
+        try {
-        cr2.initialize();
+            // setup 2 intersections
+            cr1 = new IntersectionProcess("Cr1", configFile.toString());
+            cr2 = new IntersectionProcess("Cr2", configFile.toString());
 
-        // start both
+            cr1.initialize();
-        Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
+            cr2.initialize();
-            try { cr1.start(); } catch (IOException e) { }
-        });
 
-        Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> {
+            // start both
-            try { cr2.start(); } catch (IOException e) { }
+            final IntersectionProcess cr1Final = cr1;
-        });
+            thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
+                try {
+                    cr1Final.start();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                }
+            });
 
-        thread1.start();
+            final IntersectionProcess cr2Final = cr2;
-        thread2.start();
+            thread2 = new Thread(() -> {
+                try {
+                    cr2Final.start();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                }
+            });
 
-        Thread.sleep(1000); // wait for servers
+            thread1.start();
+            thread2.start();
 
-        // send vehicle to Cr1 that goes to Cr2
+            Thread.sleep(1000); // wait for servers
-        java.util.List<String> route = Arrays.asList("Cr1", "Cr2", "S");
-        Vehicle vehicle = new Vehicle("V001", VehicleType.LIGHT, 0.0, route);
 
-        try (Socket socket = new Socket("localhost", 18001)) {
+            // send vehicle to Cr1 that goes to Cr2 - FIXED: use 4-parameter constructor
-            ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
+            java.util.List<String> route = Arrays.asList("Cr1", "Cr2", "S");
+            Vehicle vehicle = new Vehicle("V001", VehicleType.LIGHT, 0.0, route);
 
-            TestVehicleMessage message = new TestVehicleMessage("Entry", "Cr1", vehicle);
+            // FIXED: use SocketConnection
-            out.writeObject(message);
+            try (Socket socket = new Socket("localhost", 18001);
-            out.flush();
+                    SocketConnection conn = new SocketConnection(socket)) {
 
-            Thread.sleep(2000); // time for processing
+                TestVehicleMessage message = new TestVehicleMessage("Entry", "Cr1", vehicle);
+                conn.sendMessage(message);
+
+                Thread.sleep(2000); // time for processing
+            }
+        } finally {
+            if (cr1 != null) {
+                cr1.shutdown();
+            }
+            if (cr2 != null) {
+                cr2.shutdown();
+            }
+            if (thread1 != null) {
+                thread1.join(2000);
+            }
+            if (thread2 != null) {
+                thread2.join(2000);
+            }
         }
-        
-        cr1.shutdown();
-        cr2.shutdown();
-        thread1.join(2000);
-        thread2.join(2000);
     }
 
     @Test

main/src/test/java/sd/ExitNodeProcessTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+package sd;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Timeout;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
+
+import sd.config.SimulationConfig;
+
+/**
+ * Testes unitários para a classe ExitNodeProcess.
+ * 
+ * Esta classe de testes verifica:
+ * - Construção e inicialização do processo
+ * - Criação e aceitação de conexões do servidor socket
+ * - Gestão do ciclo de vida (start/shutdown)
+ * - Processamento concorrente de múltiplas conexões
+ * - Impressão de estatísticas finais
+ * 
+ * Os testes utilizam configurações temporárias e portas dedicadas (19001)
+ * para evitar conflitos com outros testes ou processos em execução.
+ */
+public class ExitNodeProcessTest {
+
+    @TempDir
+    Path tempDir;
+
+    private Path configFile;
+    private ExitNodeProcess exitNodeProcess;
+    private Thread exitNodeThread;
+
+    /**
+     * Configura o ambiente de teste antes de cada teste.
+     * Cria um ficheiro de configuração temporário com as definições necessárias.
+     */
+    @BeforeEach
+    public void setUp() throws IOException {
+        configFile = tempDir.resolve("test-simulation.properties");
+        
+        String configContent = """
+                # Test Exit Node Configuration
+                
+                # Exit Configuration
+                exit.host=localhost
+                exit.port=19001
+                
+                # Dashboard Configuration (will not be running in tests)
+                dashboard.host=localhost
+                dashboard.port=19000
+                
+                # Vehicle Crossing Times
+                vehicle.bike.crossingTime=2.0
+                vehicle.light.crossingTime=3.0
+                vehicle.heavy.crossingTime=5.0
+                
+                # Simulation Duration
+                simulation.duration=60.0
+                """;
+        
+        Files.writeString(configFile, configContent);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Limpa os recursos após cada teste.
+     * Garante que o processo e threads são terminados corretamente.
+     */
+    @AfterEach
+    public void tearDown() {
+        if (exitNodeProcess != null) {
+            exitNodeProcess.shutdown();
+        }
+        if (exitNodeThread != null && exitNodeThread.isAlive()) {
+            exitNodeThread.interrupt();
+            try {
+                exitNodeThread.join(1000);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Testa a construção bem-sucedida do ExitNodeProcess com configuração válida.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructor_Success() throws IOException {
+        SimulationConfig config = new SimulationConfig(configFile.toString());
+        exitNodeProcess = new ExitNodeProcess(config);
+        assertNotNull(exitNodeProcess);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Testa que uma exceção é lançada quando a configuração é inválida.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructor_InvalidConfig() {
+        Exception exception = assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> {
+            new SimulationConfig("non-existent-config.properties");
+        });
+        assertNotNull(exception);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Testa a inicialização sem dashboard disponível.
+     * Verifica que o processo continua a funcionar mesmo sem conexão ao dashboard.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testInitialize_WithoutDashboard() throws IOException {
+        SimulationConfig config = new SimulationConfig(configFile.toString());
+        exitNodeProcess = new ExitNodeProcess(config);
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> exitNodeProcess.initialize());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Testa que o servidor socket é criado corretamente na porta configurada.
+     * Verifica que é possível estabelecer uma conexão ao socket do servidor.
+     */
+    @Test
+    @Timeout(value = 3, unit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
+    public void testStart_ServerSocketCreated() throws IOException {
+        SimulationConfig config = new SimulationConfig(configFile.toString());
+        exitNodeProcess = new ExitNodeProcess(config);
+        exitNodeProcess.initialize();
+        
+        CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        
+        exitNodeThread = new Thread(() -> {
+            try {
+                latch.countDown();
+                exitNodeProcess.start();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                // expected when shutdown
+            }
+        });
+        
+        exitNodeThread.start();
+        
+        try {
+            assertTrue(latch.await(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS), "Exit node should start within timeout");
+            Thread.sleep(100);
+            
+            assertDoesNotThrow(() -> {
+                try (Socket testSocket = new Socket("localhost", 19001)) {
+                    assertTrue(testSocket.isConnected());
+                }
+            });
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Testa que o servidor aceita conexões de clientes.
+     */
+    @Test
+    @Timeout(value = 3, unit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
+    public void testStart_AcceptsConnection() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        SimulationConfig config = new SimulationConfig(configFile.toString());
+        exitNodeProcess = new ExitNodeProcess(config);
+        exitNodeProcess.initialize();
+        
+        CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        
+        exitNodeThread = new Thread(() -> {
+            try {
+                latch.countDown();
+                exitNodeProcess.start();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                // expected
+            }
+        });
+        
+        exitNodeThread.start();
+        
+        assertTrue(latch.await(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+        Thread.sleep(200);
+        
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> {
+            try (Socket socket = new Socket("localhost", 19001)) {
+                assertTrue(socket.isConnected());
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Testa múltiplas inicializações e encerramentos do processo.
+     * Verifica que o processo pode ser iniciado e parado múltiplas vezes,
+     * permitindo reutilização da porta.
+     */
+    @Test
+    @Timeout(value = 3, unit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
+    public void testMultipleStartStop() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        SimulationConfig config = new SimulationConfig(configFile.toString());
+        exitNodeProcess = new ExitNodeProcess(config);
+        exitNodeProcess.initialize();
+        
+        CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        
+        exitNodeThread = new Thread(() -> {
+            try {
+                latch.countDown();
+                exitNodeProcess.start();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                // expected
+            }
+        });
+        
+        exitNodeThread.start();
+        assertTrue(latch.await(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+        Thread.sleep(100);
+        
+        exitNodeProcess.shutdown();
+        Thread.sleep(100);
+        
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> {
+            SimulationConfig config2 = new SimulationConfig(configFile.toString());
+            ExitNodeProcess exitNode2 = new ExitNodeProcess(config2);
+            exitNode2.initialize();
+            exitNode2.shutdown();
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Testa que o shutdown fecha corretamente o servidor socket.
+     * Após o shutdown, novas conexões ao socket devem falhar.
+     */
+    @Test
+    @Timeout(value = 3, unit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
+    public void testShutdown_ClosesServerSocket() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        SimulationConfig config = new SimulationConfig(configFile.toString());
+        exitNodeProcess = new ExitNodeProcess(config);
+        exitNodeProcess.initialize();
+        
+        CountDownLatch startLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        
+        exitNodeThread = new Thread(() -> {
+            try {
+                startLatch.countDown();
+                exitNodeProcess.start();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                // expected
+            }
+        });
+        
+        exitNodeThread.start();
+        assertTrue(startLatch.await(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+        Thread.sleep(200);
+        
+        exitNodeProcess.shutdown();
+        Thread.sleep(200);
+        
+        assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> {
+            Socket socket = new Socket("localhost", 19001);
+            socket.close();
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Testa que as estatísticas finais são impressas corretamente durante o shutdown.
+     * Verifica que o método não lança exceções mesmo sem dados processados.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testPrintFinalStatistics() throws IOException {
+        SimulationConfig config = new SimulationConfig(configFile.toString());
+        exitNodeProcess = new ExitNodeProcess(config);
+        exitNodeProcess.initialize();
+        
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> exitNodeProcess.shutdown());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Testa o processamento de múltiplas conexões concorrentes.
+     * Verifica que o servidor consegue lidar com vários clientes simultaneamente
+     * usando o pool de threads.
+     */
+    @Test
+    @Timeout(value = 3, unit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
+    public void testMultipleConcurrentConnections() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        SimulationConfig config = new SimulationConfig(configFile.toString());
+        exitNodeProcess = new ExitNodeProcess(config);
+        exitNodeProcess.initialize();
+        
+        CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        
+        exitNodeThread = new Thread(() -> {
+            try {
+                latch.countDown();
+                exitNodeProcess.start();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                // expected
+            }
+        });
+        
+        exitNodeThread.start();
+        assertTrue(latch.await(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+        Thread.sleep(200);
+        
+        Thread[] clients = new Thread[3];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+            clients[i] = new Thread(() -> {
+                try (Socket socket = new Socket("localhost", 19001)) {
+                    assertTrue(socket.isConnected());
+                    Thread.sleep(100);
+                } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
+                    // ignore
+                }
+            });
+            clients[i].start();
+        }
+        
+        for (Thread client : clients) {
+            client.join(1000);
+        }
+    }
+}

main/src/test/java/sd/TrafficLightCoordinationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+package sd;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import sd.model.TrafficLight;
+import sd.model.TrafficLightState;
+
+/**
+ * Test class to verify traffic light coordination within an intersection.
+ * Ensures that only ONE traffic light can be GREEN at any given time.
+ */
+public class TrafficLightCoordinationTest {
+
+    private IntersectionProcess intersectionProcess;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    public void setUp() throws IOException {
+        // Create an intersection with multiple traffic lights
+        intersectionProcess = new IntersectionProcess("Cr2", "src/main/resources/simulation.properties");
+        intersectionProcess.initialize();
+    }
+
+    @AfterEach
+    public void tearDown() throws InterruptedException {
+        if (intersectionProcess != null) {
+            intersectionProcess.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that verifies mutual exclusion between traffic lights.
+     * Monitors all traffic lights for 10 seconds and ensures that
+     * at most ONE light is GREEN at any point in time.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testOnlyOneGreenLightAtATime() throws InterruptedException {
+        System.out.println("\n=== Testing Traffic Light Mutual Exclusion ===");
+        
+        // Start the intersection
+        Thread intersectionThread = new Thread(() -> {
+            try {
+                intersectionProcess.start();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        });
+        intersectionThread.start();
+
+        // Monitor traffic lights for violations
+        AtomicInteger maxGreenSimultaneously = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        AtomicInteger violationCount = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        List<String> violations = new ArrayList<>();
+        
+        // Monitor for 10 seconds
+        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + 10000;
+        
+        while (System.currentTimeMillis() < endTime) {
+            int greenCount = 0;
+            StringBuilder currentState = new StringBuilder("States: ");
+            
+            for (TrafficLight light : intersectionProcess.getIntersection().getTrafficLights()) {
+                TrafficLightState state = light.getState();
+                currentState.append(light.getDirection()).append("=").append(state).append(" ");
+                
+                if (state == TrafficLightState.GREEN) {
+                    greenCount++;
+                }
+            }
+            
+            // Update maximum simultaneous green lights
+            if (greenCount > maxGreenSimultaneously.get()) {
+                maxGreenSimultaneously.set(greenCount);
+            }
+            
+            // Check for violations (more than one green)
+            if (greenCount > 1) {
+                violationCount.incrementAndGet();
+                String violation = String.format("[VIOLATION] %d lights GREEN simultaneously: %s", 
+                    greenCount, currentState.toString());
+                violations.add(violation);
+                System.err.println(violation);
+            }
+            
+            Thread.sleep(50); // Check every 50ms
+        }
+        
+        System.out.println("\n=== Test Results ===");
+        System.out.println("Maximum simultaneous GREEN lights: " + maxGreenSimultaneously.get());
+        System.out.println("Total violations detected: " + violationCount.get());
+        
+        if (!violations.isEmpty()) {
+            System.err.println("\nViolation details:");
+            violations.forEach(System.err::println);
+        }
+        
+        // Assert that we never had more than one green light
+        assertEquals(0, violationCount.get(), 
+            "Traffic light coordination violated! Multiple lights were GREEN simultaneously.");
+        assertTrue(maxGreenSimultaneously.get() <= 1, 
+            "At most ONE light should be GREEN at any time. Found: " + maxGreenSimultaneously.get());
+        
+        System.out.println("\nTraffic light coordination working correctly!");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that verifies all traffic lights get a chance to be GREEN.
+     * Ensures fairness in the coordination mechanism.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testAllLightsGetGreenTime() throws InterruptedException {
+        System.out.println("\n=== Testing Traffic Light Fairness ===");
+        
+        // Start the intersection
+        Thread intersectionThread = new Thread(() -> {
+            try {
+                intersectionProcess.start();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        });
+        intersectionThread.start();
+
+        // Track which lights have been green
+        List<TrafficLight> lights = intersectionProcess.getIntersection().getTrafficLights();
+        boolean[] hasBeenGreen = new boolean[lights.size()];
+        
+        // Monitor for 15 seconds (enough time for all lights to cycle)
+        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + 15000;
+        
+        while (System.currentTimeMillis() < endTime) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < lights.size(); i++) {
+                if (lights.get(i).getState() == TrafficLightState.GREEN) {
+                    hasBeenGreen[i] = true;
+                    System.out.println("✓ " + lights.get(i).getDirection() + " has been GREEN");
+                }
+            }
+            Thread.sleep(100);
+        }
+        
+        // Check if all lights got green time
+        int greenCount = 0;
+        System.out.println("\n=== Fairness Results ===");
+        for (int i = 0; i < lights.size(); i++) {
+            String status = hasBeenGreen[i] ? "✓ YES" : "✗ NO";
+            System.out.println(lights.get(i).getDirection() + " got GREEN time: " + status);
+            if (hasBeenGreen[i]) greenCount++;
+        }
+        
+        assertTrue(greenCount > 0, "At least one light should have been GREEN during the test");
+        System.out.println("\n" + greenCount + "/" + lights.size() + " lights were GREEN during test period");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that verifies the state transitions are consistent.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testStateTransitionsAreConsistent() throws InterruptedException {
+        System.out.println("\n=== Testing State Transition Consistency ===");
+        
+        Thread intersectionThread = new Thread(() -> {
+            try {
+                intersectionProcess.start();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        });
+        intersectionThread.start();
+
+        List<TrafficLight> lights = intersectionProcess.getIntersection().getTrafficLights();
+        TrafficLightState[] previousStates = new TrafficLightState[lights.size()];
+        
+        // Initialize previous states
+        for (int i = 0; i < lights.size(); i++) {
+            previousStates[i] = lights.get(i).getState();
+        }
+        
+        int transitionCount = 0;
+        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + 8000;
+        
+        while (System.currentTimeMillis() < endTime) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < lights.size(); i++) {
+                TrafficLightState currentState = lights.get(i).getState();
+                
+                if (currentState != previousStates[i]) {
+                    transitionCount++;
+                    System.out.println(lights.get(i).getDirection() + " transitioned: " + 
+                        previousStates[i] + " → " + currentState);
+                    previousStates[i] = currentState;
+                }
+            }
+            Thread.sleep(100);
+        }
+        
+        System.out.println("\nTotal state transitions observed: " + transitionCount);
+        assertTrue(transitionCount > 0, "There should be state transitions during the test period");
+    }
+}

main/src/test/java/sd/dashboard/DashboardTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+package sd.dashboard;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import sd.config.SimulationConfig;
+import sd.model.VehicleType;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for Dashboard Server components.
+ */
+class DashboardTest {
+    
+    private DashboardStatistics statistics;
+    
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() {
+        statistics = new DashboardStatistics();
+    }
+    
+    @AfterEach
+    void tearDown() {
+        statistics = null;
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    void testInitialStatistics() {
+        assertEquals(0, statistics.getTotalVehiclesGenerated(), 
+            "Initial vehicles generated should be 0");
+        assertEquals(0, statistics.getTotalVehiclesCompleted(), 
+            "Initial vehicles completed should be 0");
+        assertEquals(0.0, statistics.getAverageSystemTime(), 
+            "Initial average system time should be 0.0");
+        assertEquals(0.0, statistics.getAverageWaitingTime(), 
+            "Initial average waiting time should be 0.0");
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    void testVehicleCounters() {
+        statistics.incrementVehiclesGenerated();
+        assertEquals(1, statistics.getTotalVehiclesGenerated());
+        
+        statistics.updateVehiclesGenerated(10);
+        assertEquals(10, statistics.getTotalVehiclesGenerated());
+        
+        statistics.incrementVehiclesCompleted();
+        assertEquals(1, statistics.getTotalVehiclesCompleted());
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    void testAverageCalculations() {
+        // Add 3 completed vehicles with known times
+        statistics.updateVehiclesCompleted(3);
+        statistics.addSystemTime(3000); // 3000ms total
+        statistics.addWaitingTime(1500); // 1500ms total
+        
+        assertEquals(1000.0, statistics.getAverageSystemTime(), 0.01,
+            "Average system time should be 1000ms");
+        assertEquals(500.0, statistics.getAverageWaitingTime(), 0.01,
+            "Average waiting time should be 500ms");
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    void testVehicleTypeStatistics() {
+        statistics.incrementVehicleType(VehicleType.LIGHT);
+        statistics.incrementVehicleType(VehicleType.LIGHT);
+        statistics.incrementVehicleType(VehicleType.HEAVY);
+        
+        assertEquals(2, statistics.getVehicleTypeCount(VehicleType.LIGHT));
+        assertEquals(1, statistics.getVehicleTypeCount(VehicleType.HEAVY));
+        assertEquals(0, statistics.getVehicleTypeCount(VehicleType.BIKE));
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    void testIntersectionStatistics() {
+        statistics.updateIntersectionStats("Cr1", 10, 8, 2);
+        
+        DashboardStatistics.IntersectionStats stats = 
+            statistics.getIntersectionStats("Cr1");
+        
+        assertNotNull(stats, "Intersection stats should not be null");
+        assertEquals("Cr1", stats.getIntersectionId());
+        assertEquals(10, stats.getTotalArrivals());
+        assertEquals(8, stats.getTotalDepartures());
+        assertEquals(2, stats.getCurrentQueueSize());
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    void testMultipleIntersections() {
+        statistics.updateIntersectionStats("Cr1", 10, 8, 2);
+        statistics.updateIntersectionStats("Cr2", 15, 12, 3);
+        statistics.updateIntersectionStats("Cr3", 5, 5, 0);
+        
+        assertEquals(3, statistics.getAllIntersectionStats().size(),
+            "Should have 3 intersections");
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    void testStatsUpdatePayload() {
+        StatsUpdatePayload payload = new StatsUpdatePayload()
+            .setTotalVehiclesGenerated(50)
+            .setTotalVehiclesCompleted(20)
+            .setIntersectionArrivals(30)
+            .setIntersectionDepartures(25)
+            .setIntersectionQueueSize(5);
+        
+        assertEquals(50, payload.getTotalVehiclesGenerated());
+        assertEquals(20, payload.getTotalVehiclesCompleted());
+        assertEquals(30, payload.getIntersectionArrivals());
+        assertEquals(25, payload.getIntersectionDepartures());
+        assertEquals(5, payload.getIntersectionQueueSize());
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    void testStatsMessage() {
+        StatsUpdatePayload payload = new StatsUpdatePayload()
+            .setIntersectionArrivals(10);
+        
+        StatsMessage message = new StatsMessage("Cr1", payload);
+        
+        assertEquals("Cr1", message.getSourceNode());
+        assertEquals("DashboardServer", message.getDestinationNode());
+        assertEquals(sd.model.MessageType.STATS_UPDATE, message.getType());
+        assertNotNull(message.getPayload());
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    void testThreadSafety() throws InterruptedException {
+        // Test concurrent updates
+        Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
+            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+                statistics.incrementVehiclesGenerated();
+            }
+        });
+        
+        Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
+            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+                statistics.incrementVehiclesGenerated();
+            }
+        });
+        
+        t1.start();
+        t2.start();
+        t1.join();
+        t2.join();
+        
+        assertEquals(200, statistics.getTotalVehiclesGenerated(),
+            "Concurrent increments should total 200");
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    void testDashboardServerCreation() throws Exception {
+        SimulationConfig config = new SimulationConfig("simulation.properties");
+        DashboardServer server = new DashboardServer(config);
+        
+        assertNotNull(server, "Server should be created successfully");
+        assertNotNull(server.getStatistics(), "Statistics should be initialized");
+        assertFalse(server.isRunning(), "Server should not be running initially");
+    }
+}