Merge pull request #1 from davidalves04/leo

Feat: Implement core discrete-event simulation logic and external configuration

.gitignore

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+# Compiled class files
+*.class
+
+# Log files
+*.log
+
+# BlueJ files
+*.ctxt
+
+# Mobile Tools for Java (J2ME)
+.mtj.tmp/
+
+# Package Files #
+*.jar
+*.war
+*.ear
+
+# VS Code settings
+.vscode/
+
+# Eclipse files
+*.pydevproject
+.project
+.classpath
+.cproject
+.settings/
+bin/
+tmp/
+
+# IntelliJ IDEA files
+*.iml
+.idea/
+out/
+
+# Mac system files
+.DS_Store
+
+# Windows system files
+Thumbs.db
+
+# Maven
+target/
+
+# Gradle
+.gradle/
+build/
+
+# Other
+*.swp
+*.pdf

Diagrama de arquitetura - SD.drawio

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TODO.md

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+### Compreender os Conceitos Fundamentais
+
+Primeiro, as tecnologias e paradigmas chave necessários para este projeto devem ser totalmente compreendidos.
+
+- **Processos vs. Threads:** O projeto especifica o uso de ambos.
+    
+    - **Processos (para Cruzamentos)** são programas independentes, cada um com o seu próprio espaço de memória. Em Java, cada cruzamento será provavelmente executado como uma aplicação Java separada (uma instância distinta da JVM).
+        
+    - **Threads (para Semáforos)** existem _dentro_ de um processo e partilham memória. Isto é adequado para os semáforos, pois eles precisam de ser coordenados e partilhar dados (como filas de veículos) dentro do mesmo cruzamento.
+        
+- **Comunicação Entre Processos (IPC - Inter-Process Communication):** Como os cruzamentos são processos separados, é necessário um método para que eles comuniquem. **Sockets** são o método especificado. Quando um veículo sai de um cruzamento (ex: `Cr1`) e vai para outro (ex: `Cr2`), o processo `Cr1` precisa de enviar uma mensagem contendo os dados do veículo para o processo `Cr2` através de uma conexão por socket.
+    
+- **Simulação de Eventos Discretos (DES - Discrete-Event Simulation):** Este é o paradigma de simulação que deve ser utilizado. Em vez de o tempo fluir continuamente, o relógio da simulação salta de um evento para o seguinte.
+    
+    - Um **evento** é um objeto que representa algo que acontece num ponto específico no tempo (ex: "Veículo A chega ao Cr2 no tempo 15.7s").
+        
+    - Uma **lista de eventos** central, frequentemente uma fila de prioridades, será necessária para armazenar eventos futuros, ordenados pelo seu timestamp. O ciclo principal da simulação retira o próximo evento da lista, processa-o e adiciona quaisquer novos eventos que resultem dele.
+        
+- **Processo de Poisson:** Para o modelo "mais realista" de chegadas de veículos, é especificado um processo de Poisson. A principal conclusão é que o tempo _entre_ chegadas consecutivas de veículos segue uma **distribuição exponencial**. Em Java, este intervalo pode ser gerado usando `Math.log(1 - Math.random()) / -lambda`, onde `lambda` (λi​) é a taxa de chegada especificada.
+    
+
+---
+
+### Uma Sugestão de Arquitetura de Alto Nível
+
+Abaixo, é apresentada uma possível estrutura para a aplicação distribuída. Pode ser vista como um conjunto de programas independentes que comunicam através de uma rede.
+
+1. **Processo Coordenador/Gerador (1 Processo):**
+    
+    - **Propósito:** Iniciar a simulação, gerar veículos e gerir o relógio global da simulação ou os critérios de paragem.
+        
+    - **Responsabilidades:**
+        
+        - Lê a configuração da simulação (ex: carga de tráfego λi​, tempos dos semáforos).
+            
+        - Gera veículos de acordo com o modelo selecionado (intervalo fixo ou processo de Poisson).
+            
+        - Atribui a cada novo veículo um percurso com base na distribuição uniforme especificada.
+            
+        - Injeta o veículo no sistema enviando uma mensagem para o primeiro processo de cruzamento no seu percurso (ex: de um ponto de entrada E1 para Cr1).
+            
+2. **Processos de Cruzamento (5 Processos):**
+    
+    - **Propósito:** Simular cada cruzamento (`Cr1` a `Cr5`) como um processo distinto.
+        
+    - **Responsabilidades:**
+        
+        - Escuta por veículos a chegar de outros processos.
+            
+        - Gere as filas de veículos para os seus semáforos.
+            
+        - Executa múltiplas **threads de Semáforo** internamente.
+            
+        - Coordena estas threads para garantir que apenas uma direção de tráfego está aberta a cada momento.
+            
+        - Quando um veículo atravessa, é encaminhado para o processo seguinte no seu percurso.
+            
+        - Envia periodicamente as suas estatísticas (ex: comprimentos atuais das filas) para o Servidor do Dashboard.
+            
+3. **Processo de Nó de Saída (1 Processo):**
+    
+    - **Propósito:** Representar o ponto de saída `S` e atuar como um coletor de dados para estatísticas globais.
+        
+    - **Responsabilidades:**
+        
+        - Recebe veículos que completaram o seu percurso.
+            
+        - Calcula métricas globais como o tempo total de viagem (tempo de permanência) para cada veículo.
+            
+        - Agrega e calcula as estatísticas finais (ex: tempo de viagem mínimo, máximo e médio por tipo de veículo).
+            
+        - Envia estas estatísticas globais para o Servidor do Dashboard.
+            
+4. **Processo do Servidor do Dashboard (1 Processo):**
+    
+    - **Propósito:** Agregar e exibir todos os dados da simulação em tempo real.
+        
+    - **Responsabilidades:**
+        
+        - Abre um socket de servidor e escuta por dados a chegar de todos os processos de Cruzamento e de Saída.
+            
+        - Armazena e atualiza as estatísticas à medida que chegam.
+            
+        - Apresenta os dados numa interface de utilizador, que deve exibir métricas e ser atualizada durante a simulação.
+            
+
+---
+
+### Plano
+
+Nem tudo deve ser construído de uma só vez. Os seguintes passos incrementais são recomendados.
+
+#### **Passo 1: Modelação e Classes Principais (Não-distribuído)**
+
+Antes de escrever qualquer lógica complexa, as estruturas de dados devem ser definidas. Devem ser criados Plain Old Java Objects (POJOs) para:
+
+- `Veiculo`: Com atributos como um identificador único, tipo, tempo de entrada e o percurso realizado. Deve ser tornado `Serializable` para que possa ser enviado através de sockets.
+    
+- `Evento`: Com atributos como um timestamp e o tipo de evento (ex: `VEHICLE_ARRIVAL`), bem como dados associados.
+    
+- `Semaforo`: Para conter o seu estado (`VERDE`/`VERMELHO`) e a fila de veículos.
+    
+- `Cruzamento`: Para conter os seus semáforos e a lógica operacional.
+    
+
+#### **Passo 2: Construir um Protótipo de Processo Único**
+
+Este é um passo crucial. Sockets e processos devem ser deixados de lado por agora para construir toda a simulação numa única aplicação Java.
+
+- Deve ser criado um ciclo de simulação central baseado numa fila de prioridades para objetos `Evento`.
+    
+- Todos os objetos `Cruzamento` e `Semaforo` devem ser instanciados.
+    
+- A lógica principal deve ser tornada funcional: veículos a moverem-se entre filas, semáforos a mudar de estado e estatísticas básicas a serem recolhidas.
+    
+- **Objetivo:** Uma simulação totalmente funcional e não-distribuída. Isto torna a depuração significativamente mais fácil.
+    
+
+#### **Passo 3: Distribuir os Cruzamentos**
+
+O protótipo pode agora ser convertido num sistema distribuído.
+
+- A classe `Cruzamento` deve ser tornada executável como uma aplicação Java autónoma (com um método `main`). Serão lançadas cinco instâncias, uma para cada cruzamento.
+    
+- Devem ser configurados sockets TCP para comunicação. Cada processo de cruzamento precisa de saber o endereço/porta dos vizinhos para os quais pode enviar veículos.
+    
+- Um **protocolo de comunicação** claro deve ser definido. Por exemplo, quando `Cr1` envia um veículo para `Cr2`, o objeto `Veiculo` é serializado e escrito no socket conectado a `Cr2`. O processo `Cr2` terá uma thread dedicada para escutar estas conexões de entrada.
+    
+
+#### **Passo 4: Implementar as Threads dos Semáforos**
+
+Dentro de cada processo `Cruzamento`, os semáforos devem ser implementados como threads.
+
+- O principal desafio aqui é a **sincronização**. As threads dos semáforos num único cruzamento partilham as filas de veículos.
+    
+- As ferramentas de concorrência do Java (como `synchronized`, `ReentrantLock`, `Semaphore`) devem ser usadas para garantir que apenas um semáforo pode estar verde para um percurso conflituante e que o acesso às filas partilhadas é seguro (thread-safe).
+    
+
+#### **Passo 5: Implementar o Dashboard**
+
+- O processo `DashboardServer` deve ser criado. Ele irá escutar numa porta específica por estatísticas a chegar.
+    
+- Nos processos `Cruzamento` e `Saida`, deve ser adicionado um mecanismo para enviar periodicamente um resumo das suas estatísticas atuais para o Servidor do Dashboard.
+    
+- A UI deve ser construída para exibir estes dados em tempo real.
+    
+
+#### **Passo 6: Testes e Análise**
+
+Assim que o sistema completo estiver a funcionar, as experiências exigidas pela descrição do projeto podem ser realizadas.
+
+- A simulação deve ser executada com diferentes taxas de chegada de veículos para simular cargas baixas, médias e altas.
+    
+- Diferentes políticas de temporização dos semáforos devem ser testadas para medir o seu impacto no congestionamento.
+    
+- Diferentes algoritmos de seleção de percurso e o seu impacto no desempenho do sistema devem ser avaliados.
+    
+- Para cada cenário, a simulação deve ser executada várias vezes para recolher estatísticas fiáveis (médias, desvios padrão, intervalos de confiança), conforme solicitado.
+    
+
+#### **Passo 7: Escrever o Relatório**
+
+À medida que cada passo é concluído, deve ser documentado. Isto tornará a escrita do relatório final muito mais fácil. Todos os pontos mencionados nas secções "Entrega" e "Critérios de Avaliação" devem ser abordados.
+
+---
+
+### OBS:
+
+- **Começar de Forma Simples:** O protótipo de processo único (Passo 2) evitará grandes dificuldades mais tarde.
+    
+- **Protocolo de Comunicação:** O protocolo de mensagens deve ser definido o mais cedo possível. A informação exata que um processo envia para outro deve ser clara//simples//consistente.
+    
+- **Debugging:** Debugging de sistemas distribuídos podem ser difíceis. Uma framework de logging (como Log4j 2 ou SLF4J) pode ser usada para registar eventos//alterações de estado nos diferentes processos.
+    
+- **Configuração:** Valores como endereços IP, números de porta ou parâmetros da simulação não devem ser "hardcoded". Um ficheiro de configuração (ex: um ficheiro `.properties` ou `.json`) torna a aplicação mais fácil de executar e testar.

arquitetura_simplificada.xml

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+<mxfile host="app.diagrams.net" agent="Gemini" version="28.2.7">
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+          <mxGeometry relative="1" as="geometry" />
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="arrow-Cr3-S" value="" style="edgeStyle=orthogonalEdgeStyle;rounded=0;orthogonalLoop=1;jettySize=auto;html=1;endArrow=classic;endFill=1;" edge="1" parent="1" source="Cr3-process" target="S-process">
+          <mxGeometry relative="1" as="geometry" />
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="arrow-Cr1-Cr2" value="" style="edgeStyle=orthogonalEdgeStyle;rounded=0;orthogonalLoop=1;jettySize=auto;html=1;endArrow=classic;endFill=1;" edge="1" parent="1" source="Cr1-process" target="Cr2-process">
+          <mxGeometry relative="1" as="geometry">
+            <Array as="points">
+              <mxPoint x="280" y="290" />
+              <mxPoint x="430" y="290" />
+            </Array>
+          </mxGeometry>
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="arrow-Cr2-Cr1" value="" style="edgeStyle=orthogonalEdgeStyle;rounded=0;orthogonalLoop=1;jettySize=auto;html=1;endArrow=classic;endFill=1;" edge="1" parent="1" source="Cr2-process" target="Cr1-process">
+          <mxGeometry relative="1" as="geometry">
+            <Array as="points">
+              <mxPoint x="430" y="310" />
+              <mxPoint x="280" y="310" />
+            </Array>
+          </mxGeometry>
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="arrow-Cr2-Cr3" value="" style="edgeStyle=orthogonalEdgeStyle;rounded=0;orthogonalLoop=1;jettySize=auto;html=1;endArrow=classic;endFill=1;" edge="1" parent="1" source="Cr2-process" target="Cr3-process">
+          <mxGeometry relative="1" as="geometry">
+            <Array as="points">
+              <mxPoint x="570" y="290" />
+              <mxPoint x="720" y="290" />
+            </Array>
+          </mxGeometry>
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="arrow-Cr3-Cr2" value="" style="edgeStyle=orthogonalEdgeStyle;rounded=0;orthogonalLoop=1;jettySize=auto;html=1;endArrow=classic;endFill=1;" edge="1" parent="1" source="Cr3-process" target="Cr2-process">
+          <mxGeometry relative="1" as="geometry">
+            <Array as="points">
+              <mxPoint x="720" y="310" />
+              <mxPoint x="570" y="310" />
+            </Array>
+          </mxGeometry>
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="stats-Cr1-Dash" value="Envio de Estatísticas" style="edgeStyle=orthogonalEdgeStyle;rounded=0;orthogonalLoop=1;jettySize=auto;html=1;endArrow=classic;endFill=1;dashed=1;strokeColor=#9673a6;fontSize=10;verticalAlign=bottom;" edge="1" parent="1" source="Cr1-process" target="dashboard-server">
+          <mxGeometry relative="1" as="geometry">
+            <Array as="points">
+              <mxPoint x="210" y="680" />
+            </Array>
+          </mxGeometry>
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="stats-Cr2-Dash" value="Envio de Estatísticas" style="edgeStyle=orthogonalEdgeStyle;rounded=0;orthogonalLoop=1;jettySize=auto;html=1;endArrow=classic;endFill=1;dashed=1;strokeColor=#9673a6;fontSize=10;verticalAlign=bottom;" edge="1" parent="1" source="Cr2-process" target="dashboard-server">
+          <mxGeometry relative="1" as="geometry" />
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="stats-Cr3-Dash" value="Envio de Estatísticas" style="edgeStyle=orthogonalEdgeStyle;rounded=0;orthogonalLoop=1;jettySize=auto;html=1;endArrow=classic;endFill=1;dashed=1;strokeColor=#9673a6;fontSize=10;verticalAlign=bottom;" edge="1" parent="1" source="Cr3-process" target="dashboard-server">
+          <mxGeometry relative="1" as="geometry">
+            <Array as="points">
+              <mxPoint x="790" y="680" />
+            </Array>
+          </mxGeometry>
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="stats-Cr4-Dash" value="" style="edgeStyle=orthogonalEdgeStyle;rounded=0;orthogonalLoop=1;jettySize=auto;html=1;endArrow=classic;endFill=1;dashed=1;strokeColor=#9673a6;" edge="1" parent="1" source="Cr4-process" target="dashboard-server">
+          <mxGeometry relative="1" as="geometry">
+            <Array as="points">
+              <mxPoint x="210" y="680" />
+            </Array>
+          </mxGeometry>
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="stats-Cr5-Dash" value="" style="edgeStyle=orthogonalEdgeStyle;rounded=0;orthogonalLoop=1;jettySize=auto;html=1;endArrow=classic;endFill=1;dashed=1;strokeColor=#9673a6;" edge="1" parent="1" source="Cr5-process" target="dashboard-server">
+          <mxGeometry relative="1" as="geometry" />
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="stats-S-Dash" value="Estatísticas Globais" style="edgeStyle=orthogonalEdgeStyle;rounded=0;orthogonalLoop=1;jettySize=auto;html=1;endArrow=classic;endFill=1;dashed=1;strokeColor=#9673a6;fontSize=10;verticalAlign=bottom;" edge="1" parent="1" source="S-process" target="dashboard-server">
+          <mxGeometry relative="1" as="geometry">
+            <Array as="points">
+              <mxPoint x="790" y="680" />
+            </Array>
+          </mxGeometry>
+        </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="legend" value="Legenda simplificada (removida tabela)" style="rounded=1;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;fillColor=#ffffff;strokeColor=#999999;" vertex="1" parent="1">
+          </mxCell>
+        <mxCell id="title" value="Diagrama de Arquitetura - Simulador de Tráfego Distribuído" style="text;html=1;strokeColor=none;fillColor=none;align=center;verticalAlign=middle;whiteSpace=wrap;rounded=0;fontSize=18;fontStyle=1" vertex="1" parent="1">
+          <mxGeometry x="290" y="40" width="420" height="30" as="geometry" />
+        </mxCell>
+      </root>
+    </mxGraphModel>
+  </diagram>
+</mxfile>

main/src/main/java/sd/CruzamentoServer.java

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-package sd;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.net.ServerSocket;
-import java.net.Socket;
-
-public class CruzamentoServer {
-    public static void main(String[] args) {
-        // ... Inicializa Semáforos (Threads) ...
-        // ... Inicializa as Estruturas de Dados ...
-
-        try (ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(portaDoCruzamento)) {
-            while (true) {
-                Socket clienteSocket = serverSocket.accept();
-                // Cria uma Thread de atendimento para lidar com o Veículo/Cliente
-                new Thread(new AtendenteVeiculo(clienteSocket)).start(); 
-            }
-        } catch (IOException e) { /* ... */ }
-    }
-    
-    // Método chamado pelo AtendenteVeiculo para gerenciar o tráfego
-    public synchronized boolean tentarPassar(Veiculo veiculo, String direcao) {
-        // 1. Veículo entra na fila da direção
-        // 2. Verifica o estado do semáforo da direção:
-        Semaforo semaforo = getSemaforo(direcao);
-        semaforo.esperarPeloVerde(); // O Veículo fica bloqueado se for vermelho
-        
-        // 3. Após o verde: 
-        //    - Remove da fila
-        //    - Permite a passagem (envia resposta de volta ao Veículo cliente)
-        // 4. Envia estatística de passagem ao Simulador Principal (Cliente TCP)
-        return true;
-    }
-}

main/src/main/java/sd/Entry.java

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package sd;
+
+public class Entry {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        System.out.println("Hello, World!");
+    }
+}

main/src/main/java/sd/Main.java

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-package sd;
-
-public class Main {
-    public static void main(String[] args) {
-        System.out.println("Hello world!");
-    }
-}

main/src/main/java/sd/Semaforo.java

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-package sd;
-
-import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
-import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
-
-public class Semaforo extends Thread {
-    // ... atributos ...
-    private final Lock semaforoLock; // Para sincronizar acesso ao estado
-    private final Condition verdeCondition; // Para Veículos esperarem pelo verde
-
-    public Semaforo(...) {
-        this.semaforoLock = new ReentrantLock();
-        this.verdeCondition = semaforoLock.newCondition();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void run() {
-        while (true) {
-            // Ciclo de tempo (ajustável para controle)
-            estado = Estado.VERMELHO;
-            // Notificar o Cruzamento sobre o estado
-            try {
-                Thread.sleep(tempoVermelho);
-                estado = Estado.VERDE;
-                // Ao ficar VERDE, notifica as threads Veículo que estão esperando
-                semaforoLock.lock();
-                try {
-                    verdeCondition.signalAll(); 
-                } finally {
-                    semaforoLock.unlock();
-                }
-                Thread.sleep(tempoVerde);
-            } catch (InterruptedException e) { /* ... */ }
-        }
-    }
-    // Método para a thread Veículo esperar
-    public void esperarPeloVerde() throws InterruptedException {
-        semaforoLock.lock();
-        try {
-            if (estado == Estado.VERMELHO) {
-                verdeCondition.await(); 
-            }
-        } finally {
-            semaforoLock.unlock();
-        }
-    }
-}

main/src/main/java/sd/Veiculo.java

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-package sd;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
-import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
-import java.net.Socket;
-
-public class Veiculo implements Runnable {
-    // ...
-    private String proximoCruzamentoIP; 
-    private int proximoCruzamentoPorta;
-
-    public void run() {
-        // Simular o movimento na rua (Thread.sleep(t))
-        
-        // 1. Tenta se conectar ao próximo Cruzamento
-        try (Socket socket = new Socket(proximoCruzamentoIP, proximoCruzamentoPorta);
-             ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
-             ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream())) {
-
-            // Envia o objeto Veículo com a solicitação de passagem
-            out.writeObject(this); 
-            
-            // 2. BLOQUEIA a Thread, esperando a resposta do Servidor/Cruzamento
-            String permissao = (String) in.readObject(); 
-            
-            if ("OK_PASSAR".equals(permissao)) {
-                // Simular tempo de travessia do cruzamento (pequeno Thread.sleep())
-                // Atualiza a rota (próximo nó)
-            }
-            
-        } catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException e) { /* ... */ }
-        // ... continua o loop da rota até a Saída (S) ...
-    }
-}

main/src/main/java/sd/config/SimulationConfig.java

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+package sd.config;
+
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.Properties;
+
+/**
+ * Class to load and manage simulation configurations.
+ * Configurations are read from a .properties file.
+ */
+public class SimulationConfig {
+    private final Properties properties;
+
+    public SimulationConfig(String filePath) throws IOException {
+        properties = new Properties();
+        try (InputStream input = new FileInputStream(filePath)) {
+            properties.load(input);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Network configurations
+    public String getIntersectionHost(String intersectionId) {
+        return properties.getProperty("intersection." + intersectionId + ".host", "localhost");
+    }
+
+    public int getIntersectionPort(String intersectionId) {
+        return Integer.parseInt(properties.getProperty("intersection." + intersectionId + ".port", "0"));
+    }
+
+    public String getDashboardHost() {
+        return properties.getProperty("dashboard.host", "localhost");
+    }
+
+    public int getDashboardPort() {
+        return Integer.parseInt(properties.getProperty("dashboard.port", "9000"));
+    }
+
+    public String getExitHost() {
+        return properties.getProperty("exit.host", "localhost");
+    }
+
+    public int getExitPort() {
+        return Integer.parseInt(properties.getProperty("exit.port", "9001"));
+    }
+
+    // Simulation configurations
+    public double getSimulationDuration() {
+        return Double.parseDouble(properties.getProperty("simulation.duration", "3600.0"));
+    }
+
+    public String getArrivalModel() {
+        return properties.getProperty("simulation.arrival.model", "POISSON");
+    }
+
+    public double getArrivalRate() {
+        return Double.parseDouble(properties.getProperty("simulation.arrival.rate", "0.5"));
+    }
+
+    public double getFixedArrivalInterval() {
+        return Double.parseDouble(properties.getProperty("simulation.arrival.fixed.interval", "2.0"));
+    }
+
+    // Traffic light configurations
+    public double getTrafficLightGreenTime(String intersectionId, String direction) {
+        String key = "trafficlight." + intersectionId + "." + direction + ".green";
+        return Double.parseDouble(properties.getProperty(key, "30.0"));
+    }
+
+    public double getTrafficLightRedTime(String intersectionId, String direction) {
+        String key = "trafficlight." + intersectionId + "." + direction + ".red";
+        return Double.parseDouble(properties.getProperty(key, "30.0"));
+    }
+
+    // Vehicle configurations
+    public double getLightVehicleProbability() {
+        return Double.parseDouble(properties.getProperty("vehicle.probability.light", "0.7"));
+    }
+
+    public double getLightVehicleCrossingTime() {
+        return Double.parseDouble(properties.getProperty("vehicle.crossing.time.light", "2.0"));
+    }
+
+    public double getBikeVehicleProbability() {
+        return Double.parseDouble(properties.getProperty("vehicle.probability.bike", "0.0"));
+    }
+
+    public double getBikeVehicleCrossingTime() {
+        return Double.parseDouble(properties.getProperty("vehicle.crossing.time.bike", "1.5"));
+    }
+
+    public double getHeavyVehicleProbability() {
+        return Double.parseDouble(properties.getProperty("vehicle.probability.heavy", "0.0"));
+    }
+
+    public double getHeavyVehicleCrossingTime() {
+        return Double.parseDouble(properties.getProperty("vehicle.crossing.time.heavy", "4.0"));
+    }
+
+    // Statistics
+    public double getStatisticsUpdateInterval() {
+        return Double.parseDouble(properties.getProperty("statistics.update.interval", "10.0"));
+    }
+
+    // Generic method to get any property
+    public String getProperty(String key, String defaultValue) {
+        return properties.getProperty(key, defaultValue);
+    }
+
+    public String getProperty(String key) {
+        return properties.getProperty(key);
+    }
+}

main/src/main/java/sd/model/Event.java

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package sd.model;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+
+/**
+ * Represents an event in the discrete event simulation.
+ * Events are ordered by timestamp for sequential processing.
+ */
+public class Event implements Comparable<Event>, Serializable {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+    
+    private final double timestamp;  // Time when the event occurs
+    private final EventType type;
+    private final Object data;  // Data associated with the event (e.g., Vehicle, traffic light id, etc.)
+    private final String location;  // Intersection or location where the event occurs
+    
+    public Event(double timestamp, EventType type, Object data, String location) {
+        this.timestamp = timestamp;
+        this.type = type;
+        this.data = data;
+        this.location = location;
+    }
+    
+    public Event(double timestamp, EventType type, Object data) {
+        this(timestamp, type, data, null);
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public int compareTo(Event other) {
+        // Sort by timestamp (earlier events have priority)
+        int cmp = Double.compare(this.timestamp, other.timestamp);
+        if (cmp == 0) {
+            // If timestamps are equal, sort by event type
+            return this.type.compareTo(other.type);
+        }
+        return cmp;
+    }
+    
+    // Getters
+    public double getTimestamp() {
+        return timestamp;
+    }
+    
+    public EventType getType() {
+        return type;
+    }
+    
+    public Object getData() {
+        return data;
+    }
+    
+    public String getLocation() {
+        return location;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return String.format("Event{t=%.2f, type=%s, loc=%s}", 
+                           timestamp, type, location);
+    }
+}

main/src/main/java/sd/model/EventType.java

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package sd.model;
+
+/**
+ * Enumeration representing event types in the simulation.
+ */
+public enum EventType {
+    VEHICLE_ARRIVAL,           // Vehicle arrives at an intersection
+    TRAFFIC_LIGHT_CHANGE,      // Traffic light changes state (green/red)
+    CROSSING_START,            // Vehicle starts crossing the intersection
+    CROSSING_END,              // Vehicle finishes crossing
+    VEHICLE_GENERATION,        // New vehicle is generated in the system
+    STATISTICS_UPDATE          // Time to send statistics to dashboard
+}

main/src/main/java/sd/model/Intersection.java

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+package sd.model;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Represents an intersection in the traffic simulation.
+ * 
+ * Each intersection coordinates multiple traffic lights - one for each direction -
+ * and handles routing vehicles based on their next destination.
+ */
+public class Intersection {
+
+    // Identity and configuration
+    private final String id;  // ex. "Cr1", "Cr2"
+    private final Map<String, TrafficLight> trafficLights;  // direction -> light
+    private final Map<String, String> routing;              // destination -> direction
+
+    // Stats
+    private int totalVehiclesReceived;
+    private int totalVehiclesSent;
+    private double averageWaitingTime;
+
+    public Intersection(String id) {
+        this.id = id;
+        this.trafficLights = new HashMap<>();
+        this.routing = new HashMap<>();
+        this.totalVehiclesReceived = 0;
+        this.totalVehiclesSent = 0;
+        this.averageWaitingTime = 0.0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers a traffic light under this intersection.
+     * The light is identified by its direction (ex., "North", "East").
+     */
+    public void addTrafficLight(TrafficLight trafficLight) {
+        trafficLights.put(trafficLight.getDirection(), trafficLight);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Defines how vehicles should be routed through this intersection.
+     *
+     * @param nextDestination The next intersection or exit on the vehicle's route
+     * @param direction       The direction (traffic light) vehicles should take
+     */
+    public void configureRoute(String nextDestination, String direction) {
+        routing.put(nextDestination, direction);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Accepts an incoming vehicle and places it in the correct queue.
+     * If the route or traffic light can't be found, logs an error.
+     */
+    public void receiveVehicle(Vehicle vehicle) {
+        totalVehiclesReceived++;
+
+        String nextDestination = vehicle.getCurrentDestination();
+        String direction = routing.get(nextDestination);
+
+        if (direction != null && trafficLights.containsKey(direction)) {
+            trafficLights.get(direction).addVehicle(vehicle);
+        } else {
+            System.err.printf(
+                "Routing error: could not place vehicle %s (destination: %s)%n",
+                vehicle.getId(), nextDestination
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the traffic light controlling the given direction, if any. */
+    public TrafficLight getTrafficLight(String direction) {
+        return trafficLights.get(direction);
+    }
+
+    /** Returns all traffic lights belonging to this intersection. */
+    public List<TrafficLight> getTrafficLights() {
+        return new ArrayList<>(trafficLights.values());
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the total number of vehicles currently queued across all directions. */
+    public int getTotalQueueSize() {
+        return trafficLights.values().stream()
+                .mapToInt(TrafficLight::getQueueSize)
+                .sum();
+    }
+
+    // --- Stats and getters ---
+
+    public String getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public int getTotalVehiclesReceived() {
+        return totalVehiclesReceived;
+    }
+
+    public int getTotalVehiclesSent() {
+        return totalVehiclesSent;
+    }
+
+    public void incrementVehiclesSent() {
+        totalVehiclesSent++;
+    }
+
+    public double getAverageWaitingTime() {
+        return averageWaitingTime;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Updates the running average waiting time with a new sample.
+     */
+    public void updateAverageWaitingTime(double newTime) {
+        // Weighted incremental average (avoids recalculating from scratch)
+        averageWaitingTime = (averageWaitingTime * (totalVehiclesSent - 1) + newTime)
+                           / totalVehiclesSent;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return String.format(
+            "Intersection{id='%s', lights=%d, queues=%d, received=%d, sent=%d}",
+            id,
+            trafficLights.size(),
+            getTotalQueueSize(),
+            totalVehiclesReceived,
+            totalVehiclesSent
+        );
+    }
+}

main/src/main/java/sd/model/TrafficLight.java

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+package sd.model;
+
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.Queue;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a single traffic light controlling one direction at an intersection.
+ * 
+ * Each light maintains its own queue of vehicles and alternates between
+ * green and red states. It's designed to be thread-safe (maybe...), so multiple
+ * threads (like vehicles or controllers) can safely interact with it.
+ */
+public class TrafficLight {
+
+    // Identity and configuration
+    private final String id;          // ex. "Cr1-N"
+    private final String direction;   // ex. "North", "South", etc.
+    private TrafficLightState state;
+
+    // Vehicle management
+    private final Queue<Vehicle> queue;
+
+    // Synchronization primitives
+    private final Lock lock;
+    private final Condition vehicleAdded;
+    private final Condition lightGreen;
+
+    // Timing configuration (seconds)
+    private double greenTime;
+    private double redTime;
+
+    // Basic stats
+    private int totalVehiclesProcessed;
+
+    public TrafficLight(String id, String direction, double greenTime, double redTime) {
+        this.id = id;
+        this.direction = direction;
+        this.state = TrafficLightState.RED;
+        this.queue = new LinkedList<>();
+
+        this.lock = new ReentrantLock();
+        this.vehicleAdded = lock.newCondition();
+        this.lightGreen = lock.newCondition();
+
+        this.greenTime = greenTime;
+        this.redTime = redTime;
+        this.totalVehiclesProcessed = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a vehicle to the waiting queue.
+     * Signals any waiting threads that a new vehicle has arrived.
+     */
+    public void addVehicle(Vehicle vehicle) {
+        lock.lock();
+        try {
+            queue.offer(vehicle);
+            vehicleAdded.signalAll();
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempts to let one vehicle pass through.
+     * Only works if the light is green; otherwise returns null.
+     */
+    public Vehicle removeVehicle() {
+        lock.lock();
+        try {
+            if (state == TrafficLightState.GREEN && !queue.isEmpty()) {
+                Vehicle vehicle = queue.poll();
+                totalVehiclesProcessed++;
+                return vehicle;
+            }
+            return null;
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Changes the light’s state (ex., RED -> GREEN).
+     * When the light turns green, waiting threads are notified.
+     *                  ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
+     */
+    public void changeState(TrafficLightState newState) {
+        lock.lock();
+        try {
+            this.state = newState;
+            if (newState == TrafficLightState.GREEN) {
+                lightGreen.signalAll();
+            }
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Returns how many vehicles are currently queued. */
+    public int getQueueSize() {
+        lock.lock();
+        try {
+            return queue.size();
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Checks whether there are no vehicles waiting. */
+    public boolean isQueueEmpty() {
+        lock.lock();
+        try {
+            return queue.isEmpty();
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // --- Getters & Setters ---
+
+    public String getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public String getDirection() {
+        return direction;
+    }
+
+    public TrafficLightState getState() {
+        lock.lock();
+        try {
+            return state;
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public double getGreenTime() {
+        return greenTime;
+    }
+
+    public void setGreenTime(double greenTime) {
+        this.greenTime = greenTime;
+    }
+
+    public double getRedTime() {
+        return redTime;
+    }
+
+    public void setRedTime(double redTime) {
+        this.redTime = redTime;
+    }
+
+    public int getTotalVehiclesProcessed() {
+        return totalVehiclesProcessed;
+    }
+
+    public Lock getLock() {
+        return lock;
+    }
+
+    public Condition getVehicleAdded() {
+        return vehicleAdded;
+    }
+
+    public Condition getLightGreen() {
+        return lightGreen;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return String.format(
+            "TrafficLight{id='%s', direction='%s', state=%s, queueSize=%d}",
+            id, direction, state, getQueueSize()
+        );
+    }
+}

main/src/main/java/sd/model/TrafficLightState.java

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package sd.model;
+
+/**
+ * Enumeration representing the state of a traffic light.
+ */
+public enum TrafficLightState {
+    GREEN,      // Allows passage
+    RED         // Blocks passage
+}

main/src/main/java/sd/model/Vehicle.java

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+package sd.model;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a single vehicle moving through the simulation.
+ *
+ * Each vehicle has a route - a sequence of intersections it will pass through -
+ * and keeps track of how long it has waited and traveled overall.
+ * 
+ * Serializable so it can be sent between processes or nodes over sockets. type shit
+ */
+public class Vehicle implements Serializable {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    // Identity and configuration
+    private final String id;
+    private final VehicleType type;
+    private final double entryTime;          // When it entered the system
+    private final List<String> route;        // ex., ["Cr1", "Cr3", "S"]
+    private int currentRouteIndex;           // Current position in the route
+
+    // Metrics
+    private double totalWaitingTime;         // Total time spent waiting at red lights
+    private double totalCrossingTime;        // Time spent actually moving between intersections
+
+    public Vehicle(String id, VehicleType type, double entryTime, List<String> route) {
+        this.id = id;
+        this.type = type;
+        this.entryTime = entryTime;
+        this.route = new ArrayList<>(route);
+        this.currentRouteIndex = 0;
+        this.totalWaitingTime = 0.0;
+        this.totalCrossingTime = 0.0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Moves the vehicle to the next stop in its route.
+     * 
+     * @return true if there are still destinations ahead, false if the route is finished
+     */
+    public boolean advanceRoute() {
+        currentRouteIndex++;
+        return currentRouteIndex < route.size();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the current destination (the next intersection or exit).
+     * Returns null if the route is already complete.
+     */
+    public String getCurrentDestination() {
+        return (currentRouteIndex < route.size()) ? route.get(currentRouteIndex) : null;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns true if the vehicle has completed its entire route. */
+    public boolean hasReachedEnd() {
+        return currentRouteIndex >= route.size();
+    }
+
+    // --- Getters and metrics management ---
+
+    public String getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public VehicleType getType() {
+        return type;
+    }
+
+    public double getEntryTime() {
+        return entryTime;
+    }
+
+    public List<String> getRoute() {
+        return new ArrayList<>(route);
+    }
+
+    public int getCurrentRouteIndex() {
+        return currentRouteIndex;
+    }
+
+    public double getTotalWaitingTime() {
+        return totalWaitingTime;
+    }
+
+    public void addWaitingTime(double time) {
+        totalWaitingTime += time;
+    }
+
+    public double getTotalCrossingTime() {
+        return totalCrossingTime;
+    }
+
+    public void addCrossingTime(double time) {
+        totalCrossingTime += time;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates how long the vehicle has been in the system so far.
+     *
+     * @param currentTime the current simulation time
+     * @return total elapsed time since the vehicle entered
+     */
+    public double getTotalTravelTime(double currentTime) {
+        return currentTime - entryTime;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return String.format(
+            "Vehicle{id='%s', type=%s, next='%s', route=%s}",
+            id, type, getCurrentDestination(), route
+        );
+    }
+}

main/src/main/java/sd/model/VehicleType.java

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package sd.model;
+
+/**
+ * Enumeration representing vehicle types in the simulation.
+ */
+public enum VehicleType {
+    BIKE,  // Motorcycle
+    LIGHT,      // Light vehicle (car)
+    HEAVY       // Heavy vehicle (truck, bus)
+}

main/src/main/java/sd/util/RandomGenerator.java

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package sd.util;
+
+import java.util.Random;
+
+/**
+ * Utility class for generating random values used throughout the simulation.
+ * 
+ * Includes helpers for exponential distributions (for vehicle arrivals),
+ * uniform randoms, and probability-based decisions.
+ */
+public class RandomGenerator {
+
+    private static final Random random = new Random();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a random time interval that follows an exponential distribution.
+     * 
+     * Useful for modeling inter-arrival times in a Poisson process.
+     *
+     * @param lambda the arrival rate (λ)
+     * @return the time interval until the next arrival
+     */
+    public static double generateExponentialInterval(double lambda) {
+        return Math.log(1 - random.nextDouble()) / -lambda;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a random integer between {@code min} and {@code max}, inclusive.
+     */
+    public static int generateRandomInt(int min, int max) {
+        return random.nextInt(max - min + 1) + min;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a random double between {@code min} (inclusive) and {@code max} (exclusive).
+     */
+    public static double generateRandomDouble(double min, double max) {
+        return min + (max - min) * random.nextDouble();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns {@code true} with the given probability.
+     * 
+     * @param probability a value between 0.0 and 1.0
+     */
+    public static boolean occursWithProbability(double probability) {
+        return random.nextDouble() < probability;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Picks a random element from the given array.
+     * 
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the array is empty
+     */
+    public static <T> T chooseRandom(T[] array) {
+        if (array.length == 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Array cannot be empty.");
+        }
+        return array[random.nextInt(array.length)];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the random generator’s seed, allowing reproducible results.
+     */
+    public static void setSeed(long seed) {
+        random.setSeed(seed);
+    }
+}

main/src/main/resources/simulation.properties

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+# =========================================================
+# Traffic Simulation Configuration
+# ---------------------------------------------------------
+# All parameters controlling network layout, timing,
+# and simulation behavior.
+# =========================================================
+
+# === NETWORK CONFIGURATION ===
+
+# Intersections (each with its host and port)
+intersection.Cr1.host=localhost
+intersection.Cr1.port=8001
+intersection.Cr2.host=localhost
+intersection.Cr2.port=8002
+intersection.Cr3.host=localhost
+intersection.Cr3.port=8003
+intersection.Cr4.host=localhost
+intersection.Cr4.port=8004
+intersection.Cr5.host=localhost
+intersection.Cr5.port=8005
+
+# Exit node
+exit.host=localhost
+exit.port=9001
+
+# Dashboard server
+dashboard.host=localhost
+dashboard.port=9000
+
+
+# === SIMULATION CONFIGURATION ===
+
+# Total duration in seconds (3600 = 1 hour)
+simulation.duration=3600.0
+
+# Vehicle arrival model: FIXED or POISSON
+simulation.arrival.model=POISSON
+
+# λ (lambda): average arrival rate (vehicles per second)
+simulation.arrival.rate=0.5
+
+# Fixed interval between arrivals (only used if model=FIXED)
+simulation.arrival.fixed.interval=2.0
+
+
+# === TRAFFIC LIGHT TIMINGS ===
+# Format: trafficlight.<intersection>.<direction>.<state>=<seconds>
+
+# Intersection 1
+trafficlight.Cr1.North.green=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr1.North.red=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr1.South.green=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr1.South.red=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr1.East.green=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr1.East.red=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr1.West.green=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr1.West.red=30.0
+
+# Intersection 2
+trafficlight.Cr2.North.green=25.0
+trafficlight.Cr2.North.red=35.0
+trafficlight.Cr2.South.green=25.0
+trafficlight.Cr2.South.red=35.0
+trafficlight.Cr2.East.green=35.0
+trafficlight.Cr2.East.red=25.0
+trafficlight.Cr2.West.green=35.0
+trafficlight.Cr2.West.red=25.0
+
+# Intersection 3
+trafficlight.Cr3.North.green=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr3.North.red=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr3.South.green=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr3.South.red=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr3.East.green=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr3.East.red=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr3.West.green=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr3.West.red=30.0
+
+# Intersection 4
+trafficlight.Cr4.North.green=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr4.North.red=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr4.South.green=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr4.South.red=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr4.East.green=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr4.East.red=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr4.West.green=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr4.West.red=30.0
+
+# Intersection 5
+trafficlight.Cr5.North.green=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr5.North.red=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr5.South.green=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr5.South.red=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr5.East.green=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr5.East.red=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr5.West.green=30.0
+trafficlight.Cr5.West.red=30.0
+
+# === VEHICLE CONFIGURATION ===
+# Probability distribution for vehicle types (must sum to 1.0)
+vehicle.probability.bike=0.2
+vehicle.probability.light=0.6
+vehicle.probability.heavy=0.2
+
+# Average crossing times (in seconds)
+vehicle.crossing.time.bike=1.5
+vehicle.crossing.time.light=2.0
+vehicle.crossing.time.heavy=4.0
+
+# === STATISTICS ===
+
+# Interval between dashboard updates (seconds)
+statistics.update.interval=10.0